Zhongshan Station in Antarctica is one of China's scientific research stations established in Antarctica on January 26, 1989. It is located in the Lasman hills (69 ° 22'24 ″ s, 76 ° 22'40 ″ E). Zhongshan station was built on January 26, 1989, named after Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the great pioneer of China's democratic revolution. Zhongshan station is located on the westoden Peninsula in Lasman hills, Princess Elizabeth Land, Southeast Antarctica. Its geographical coordinates are 69 ° 22:24 s, 76 ° 22:40 s. It is 12553.160 km away from Beijing, and its azimuth angle with Beijing is 32 ° 30 min 50 s. Lasman hill, where Zhongshan station is located, is located in the Antarctic Circle, on the southeast coast of Prydz Bay, hundreds of kilometers away from the emery ice shelf and Prince Charles mountains in the southwest, which is an ideal area for Antarctic Ocean and continental scientific investigation. Not far from Zhongshan station are Australia's labor base and Russia's progress station.

  Due to the consideration of Antarctic scientific investigation, the relevant departments of the state have made preparations for the construction of the station in Southeast Antarctica since the early 1980s. First of all, we carried out extensive research work, sent experts and scholars to visit Japan's Showa base, Soviet youth station and peace Station, Merck Madou station in the United States, and Cassie station in Australia to collect information about the construction of the station and learn from foreign experience. We made field visits to many areas along the Antarctic coast from Japan's Showa base, Davis Station, and Mohsen station to the Ross Sea, and won the first place Hand data. On this basis, experts and scholars have been organized to carry out feasibility studies for many times, listen to the opinions of various parties, and form the best scheme. Two sites are pre selected as the station sites: the Rasman hills in Prydz Bay, which is located at 69 degrees south latitude and 76 degrees east longitude; and the other is along the coast of Amundsen Bay. Both of them are exposed rock zone, easy to land, rich in fresh water resources, vast area, convenient for development, and can be used as a forward base for scientific investigation to the Antarctic inland.

  At the beginning of October 1988, China sent an advanced team to Antarctica with the Australian "icebird" expedition ship and boarded the Rasman hills. The site investigation on the geographical environment, natural conditions, fresh water resources and topographic characteristics of the pre selected station area was carried out. It was considered that the station construction conditions of Rasman Hill were better than that of Amundsen Bay. According to the field investigation report of the advance team, the Antarctic Commission finally determined that Zhongshan station should be built in the Rasman hilly area.

  Zhongshan station is located in the coastal area of the Antarctic continent. The change of meteorological elements is quite different from that of the Great Wall Station. It is cold and dry than the Great Wall Station, and has more characteristics of Antarctic polar climate. The annual average temperature of Zhongshan station is about - 10 ℃ and the extreme minimum temperature is 36.4 ℃; influenced by the downwind from the continental ice sheet, Zhongshan station often blows southeast by east wind, with 174 days of gale above grade 8 and the maximum wind speed of 43.6 M / S; the precipitation days are 162 days, the annual average humidity is 54%, and the number of sunny days in the whole year is much more than that in the Great Wall Station. There are extreme day and night phenomena at Zhongshan station, with 54 days of continuous day and 58 days of continuous night time. China has set up two observation stations in Antarctica. Both of them have been registered with the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).

  Zhongshan station is located in the coastal area of the Antarctic continent. The change of meteorological elements is quite different from that of the Great Wall Station. It is cold and dry than the Great Wall Station, and has more characteristics of Antarctic polar climate. The annual average temperature of Zhongshan station is about - 10 ℃ and the extreme minimum temperature is 36.4 ℃; influenced by the downwind from the continental ice sheet, Zhongshan station often blows southeast by east wind, with 174 days of gale above grade 8 and the maximum wind speed of 43.6 M / S; the precipitation days are 162 days, the annual average humidity is 54%, and the number of sunny days in the whole year is much more than that in the Great Wall Station. There are extreme day and night phenomena at Zhongshan station, with 54 days of continuous day and 58 days of continuous night time. China has set up two observation stations in Antarctica. Both of them have been registered with the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).

  Zhongshan station has a laboratory equipped with corresponding analytical instruments and equipment, which can be used for preliminary analysis and research of field data and samples. The meteorological observation field, earth tide observation room, seismic geomagnetic absolute value observation room and upper atmospheric physics observation room are equipped with corresponding scientific observation equipment and instruments. The routine observations carried out by Chinese Antarctic expeditions at Zhongshan station are mainly GPS annual tracking station observation and tide observation, upper atmospheric physical observation, geomagnetic observation, earth tide observation, atmospheric observation and total ozone monitoring.