/**************************************************************************************/
/**                                                                                \n**/
/**              p  f  t  .  p  a  r                                               \n**/
/**                                                                                \n**/
/**  PFT and CFT parameter file for LPJmL version 4.0.001                          \n**/
/**  CFTs parameters must be put after PFTs                                        \n**/
/**                                                                                \n**/
/** (C) Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), see COPYRIGHT file    \n**/
/** authors, and contributors see AUTHORS file                                     \n**/
/** This file is part of LPJmL and licensed under GNU AGPL Version 3               \n**/
/** or later. See LICENSE file or go to http://www.gnu.org/licenses/               \n**/
/** Contact: https://gitlab.pik-potsdam.de/lpjml                                   \n**/
/**                                                                                \n**/
/**************************************************************************************/

#include "../include/pftpar.h" /* include constant definitions */

#define CTON_LEAF 30
#define CTON_ROOT 30
#define CTON_POOL 100
#define CTON_SO 100
#define CTON_SAP 330
#ifdef WITH_SPITFIRE
#define FLAM_TREE 0.3
#define FLAM_GRASS 0.3
#else
#define FLAM_TREE 0.3
#define FLAM_GRASS 0.3
#endif
#define K_LITTER10 0.97       /* now only used for crops and value a middle value of C4 grasses; need to be updated with TRY-database*/
#define ALPHA_FUELP_TROP 0.0000334
#define ALPHA_FUELP_EXTRATROP 0.0000667
#define APREC_MIN 100
#define ALLOM1 100.0
#define ALLOM2 40.0
#define ALLOM3 0.67     /*0.5*/
#define ALLOM4 0.3
#define APHEN_MAX 245
#define APHEN_MIN 60    /* minimum aphen for cold-induced senescence */
#define HEIGHT_MAX 100  /* maximum height of trees */
#define REPROD_COST 0.1 /* reproduction cost */
#define K_EST 0.12 /* maximum overall sapling establishment rate (indiv/m2) */
#ifdef WITH_SPITFIRE
#define MORT_MAX 0.03
#else
#define MORT_MAX 0.03
#endif

26  /* number of PFT's (natural + crops + bioenergy) */

/* first pft */
TROPICAL_BROADLEAVED_EVERGREEN_TREE
"tropical broadleaved evergreen tree"
TREE
NONE                        /* cultivation_type */
30 55 70 77                 /* curve number */
0.962                       /* beta_root */
0.0                         /* minwscal 3*/
0.5                         /* gmin 4*/
0.2                         /* respcoeff 5*/
100                         /* nmax 7*/
0.12                        /* resist 8*/
1.6                         /* leaf longevity 10*/
1.0                         /* lmro_ratio 18*/
1000                        /* ramp 19*/
1.500                       /* lai_sapl 21*/
0.0                         /* gdd5min 30*/
1000                        /* twmax 31*/
1000                        /* twmax_daily 31*/
5.0                         /* gddbase (deg C) 33*/
-1000                       /* min_temprange 34*/
7                           /* emax 35*/
0.02                        /* intc 36*/
0.4                         /* alphaa, fraction of PAR assimilated at ecosystem level, relative to leaf level */
0.14                        /* albedo of green leaves */
0.1                         /* albedo of stems */
0.1                         /* albedo of litter */
0.4                         /* maximum snow coverage in green canopy */
0.5                         /* lightextcoeff, light extinction coeffcient in Lambert-Beer equation */
1.01                        /* new phenology: slope of cold-temperature limiting function */
8.3                         /* new phenology: inflection point of cold-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day cold-temperature limiting fct */
1.86                        /* new phenology: slope of warm-temperature limiting function tmax_sl */
38.64                       /* new phenology: inflection point of warm-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day warm-temperature limiting fct */
77.17                       /* new phenology: slope of light limiting function */
55.53                       /* new phenology: inflection point of light limiting function (Wm-2) */
0.52                        /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day light limiting function */
5.14                        /* new phenology: slope of water limiting function */
4.997                       /* new phenology: inflection point of water limiting function (% water availability)  */
0.44                        /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day water limiting function */
MORT_MAX                    /* asymptotic maximum mortality rate (1/year) */
EVERGREEN                   /* phenology */
C3                          /* pathway */
2.0 55.0                    /* lower and upper temperature limit for co2 (deg C) 24 27*/
25 30                       /* lower and upper limit of temperature optimum for photosynthesis(deg C) 25 26*/
15.5 1000                   /* lower and upper coldest monthly mean temperature(deg C) 28 29*/
0.38009                     /* shape factor for soil organic matter vertical distribution*/
ALPHA_FUELP_TROP            /* scaling factor fire danger index */
25.0                        /* fuel bulk density */
1580.0 103.0   6.80   8.10   8.50 1.999 /* emission factors */
APREC_MIN                   /* minimum annual precipitation to establish */
FLAM_TREE                   /* flam */
0.93                        /* K_LITTER10 turnover rate after Brovkin etal 2012*/
0.039                       /* K_LITTER10 turnover rate after Brovkin etal 2012*/
2.75                        /* Q10_wood */
0.4                         /* windspeed dampening */
2.0                         /* roughness length */
BROADLEAVED                 /* leaftype */
2.0 20.0 2.0                /* turnover leaf  sapwood root 9 11 12*/
CTON_LEAF CTON_SAP CTON_ROOT/* C:N mass ratio for leaf, sapwood, and root 13,14,15*/
15.0                        /* crownarea_max 20*/
1.2                         /* sapwood sapling 22*/
REPROD_COST                 /* reproduction cost */
ALLOM1                      /* allometry */
ALLOM2
ALLOM3
ALLOM4
HEIGHT_MAX                  /* maximum height of tree */
0.1487                      /* scorch height (F) */
0.3334                      /* crown length (CL) */
0.0301                      /* bark thickness par1 */
0.0281                      /* bark thickness par2 */
1.00                        /* crown damage (rCK) */
3.00                        /* crown damage (p)     */
0.045 0.075 0.21 0.67       /* fuel fraction */
K_EST                       /* k_est */
8                           /* rotation */
40                          /* max_rotation_length */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* 2. pft */
TROPICAL_BROADLEAVED_RAINGREEN_TREE
"tropical broadleaved raingreen tree"
TREE
NONE                        /* cultivation_type */
30 55 70 77                 /* curve number */
0.961                       /* beta_root 1 */
0.35                        /* minwscal 3*/
0.5                         /* gmin 4*/
0.2                         /* respcoeff 5*/
100                         /* nmax 7*/
0.5                         /* resist 8*/
0.5                         /* leaf longivity 10*/
1.0                         /* lmro_ratio 18*/
1000                        /* ramp 19*/
1.500                       /* lai_sapl 21*/
0.0                         /* gdd5min 30*/
1000                        /* twmax 31*/
1000                        /* twmax_daily 31*/
5.0                         /* gddbase (deg C) 33*/
-1000                       /* min_temprange 34*/
7.0                         /* emax 35*/
0.02                        /* intc 36*/
0.4                         /* alphaa, fraction of PAR assimilated at ecosystem level, relative to leaf level */
0.13                        /* albedo of green leaves */
0.07                        /* albedo of stems*/
0.06                        /* albedo of litter */
0.5                         /* maximum snow coverage in green canopy */
0.5                         /* lightextcoeff, light extinction coeffcient in Lambert-Beer equation */
0.24                        /* new phenology: slope of cold-temperature limiting function */
7.66                        /* new phenology: inflection point of cold-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day cold-temperature limiting fct */
1.625                       /* new phenology: slope of warm-temperature limiting function tmax_sl */
38.64                       /* new phenology: inflection point of warm-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day warm-temperature limiting fct */
23                          /* new phenology: slope of light limiting function */
13.01                       /* new phenology: inflection point of light limiting function (Wm-2) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day light limiting function */
7.97                        /* new phenology: slope of water limiting function */
22.21                       /* new phenology: inflection point of water limiting function (% water availability)  */
0.1348                      /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day water limiting function */
MORT_MAX                    /* asymptotic maximum mortality rate (1/year) */
RAINGREEN                   /* phenology */
C3                          /* pathway */
2.0 55.0                    /* lower and upper temperature limit for co2 (deg C) 24 27*/
25 30                       /* lower and upper limit of temperature optimum for photosynthesis(deg C) 25 26*/
15.5 1000                   /* lower and upper coldest monthly mean temperature(deg C) 28 29*/
0.51395                     /* shape factor for soil organic matter vertical distribution*/
ALPHA_FUELP_TROP            /* scaling factor fire danger index */
13.0                        /* fuel bulk density */
1664.0 63.0 2.20 3.40 8.50 2.540 /* emission factors */
APREC_MIN                   /* minimum annual precipitation to establish */
FLAM_TREE                   /* flam */
1.17                        /* turnover rate after Brovkin etal 2012*/
0.039                       /* turnover rate after Brovkin etal 2012*/
2.75                        /* Q10_wood */
0.4                         /* windspeed dampening */
2.0                         /* roughness length */
BROADLEAVED                 /* leaftype */
1.0 20  1.0                 /* turnover leaf  sapwood root 9 11 12*/
CTON_LEAF CTON_SAP CTON_ROOT/* C:N mass ratio for leaf, sapwood, and root 13,14,15*/
12                          /* crownarea_max 20*/
1.2                         /* sapwood sapling 22*/
REPROD_COST                 /* reproduction cost */
ALLOM1                      /* allometry */
ALLOM2
ALLOM3
ALLOM4
HEIGHT_MAX                  /* maximum height of tree */
0.061                       /* scorch height (F) */
0.10                        /* crown length (CL) */
0.1085                      /* bark thickness par1 */
0.2120                      /* bark thickness par2 */
0.05                        /* crown damage (rCK) */
3.00                        /* crown damage (p)     */
0.045 0.075 0.21 0.67       /* fuel fraction */
K_EST                       /* k_est */
8                           /* rotation */
40                          /* max_rotation_length */
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* 3. pft */
TEMPERATE_NEEDLELEAVED_EVERGREEN_TREE
"temperate needleleaved evergreen tree"
TREE
NONE                        /* cultivation_type */
30 55 70 77                 /* curve number */
0.976                       /* beta_root 1 */
0.00                        /* minwscal 3*/
0.5                         /* gmin 4*/
1.2                         /* respcoeff 5*/
100                         /* nmax 7*/
0.12                        /* resist 8*/
4.0                         /* leaf longevity 10*/
1.0                         /* lmro_ratio 18*/
1000                        /* ramp 19*/
1.500                       /* lai_sapl 21*/
900.0                       /* gdd5min 30*/
1000                        /* twmax 31*/
1000                        /* twmax_daily 31*/
5.0                         /* gddbase (deg C) 33*/
-1000                       /* min_temprange 34*/
5.0                         /* emax 35*/
0.02                        /* intc 36*/
0.4                         /* alphaa, fraction of PAR assimilated at ecosystem level, relative to leaf level */
0.137                       /* albedo of green leaves*/
0.04                        /* albedo of stems */
0.1                         /* albedo of litter */
0.1                         /* maximum snow coverage in green canopy */
0.4                         /* lightextcoeff, light extinction coeffcient in Lambert-Beer equation */
0.2172                      /* new phenology: slope of cold-temperature limiting function */
-7.813                      /* new phenology: inflection point of cold-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day cold-temperature limiting fct */
1.83                        /* new phenology: slope of warm-temperature limiting function tmax_sl */
35.26                       /* new phenology: inflection point of warm-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day warm-temperature limiting fct */
20                          /* new phenology: slope of light limiting function */
4.872                       /* new phenology: inflection point of light limiting function (Wm-2) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day light limiting function */
5                           /* new phenology: slope of water limiting function */
8.613                       /* new phenology: inflection point of water limiting function (% water availability)  */
0.8                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day water limiting function */
MORT_MAX                    /* asymptotic maximum mortality rate (1/year) */
EVERGREEN                   /* phenology */
C3                          /* pathway */
-4.0 42.0                   /* lower and upper temperature limit for co2 (deg C) 24 27*/
20 30                       /* lower and upper limit of temperature optimum for photosynthesis(deg C) 25 26*/
-2.0 22.0                   /* lower and upper coldest monthly mean temperature(deg C) 28 29*/
0.32198                     /* shape factor for soil organic matter vertical distribution*/
ALPHA_FUELP_EXTRATROP       /* scaling factor fire danger index */
25.0                        /* fuel bulk density */
1568.0 106.0 4.80 5.70 17.60 3.240 /* emission factors */
APREC_MIN                   /* minimum annual precipitation to establish */
FLAM_TREE                   /* flam */
0.7                         /* turnover rate after Brovkin etal 2012*/
0.041                       /* turnover rate after Brovkin etal 2012*/
1.97                        /* Q10_wood */
0.4                         /* windspeed dampening */
1.0                         /* roughness length */
NEEDLELEAVED                /* leaftype */
4.0 20 4.0                  /* turnover leaf  sapwood root 9 11 12*/
CTON_LEAF CTON_SAP CTON_ROOT/* C:N mass ratio for leaf, sapwood, and root 13,14,15*/
15                          /* crownarea_max 20*/
1.2                         /* sapwood sapling 22*/
REPROD_COST                 /* reproduction cost */
ALLOM1                      /* allometry */
ALLOM2
ALLOM3
ALLOM4
HEIGHT_MAX                  /* maximum height of tree */
0.1000                      /* scorch height (F) */
0.3334                      /* crown length (CL) */
0.0367                      /* bark thickness par1 */
0.0592                      /* bark thickness par2 */
1.00                        /* crown damage (rCK) */
3.75                        /* crown damage (p)     */
0.045 0.075 0.21 0.67       /* fuel fraction */
K_EST                       /* k_est */
8                           /* rotation */
40                          /* max_rotation_length */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* 4. pft */
TEMPERATE_BROADLEAVED_EVERGREEN_TREE
"temperate broadleaved evergreen tree"
TREE
NONE
30 55 70 77                 /* curve number */
0.964                       /* beta_root 1 */
0.00                        /* minwscal 3*/
0.5                         /* gmin 4*/
1.2                         /* respcoeff 5*/
100                         /* nmax 7*/
0.5                         /* resist 8*/
1.6                         /* leaf longevity 10*/
1.0                         /* lmro_ratio 18*/
1000                        /* ramp 19*/
1.500                       /* lai_sapl 21*/
1200.0                      /* gdd5min 30*/
1000                        /* twmax 31*/
1000                        /* twmax_daily 31*/
5.0                         /* gddbase (deg C) 33*/
-1000                       /* min_temprange 34*/
5.0                         /* emax 35*/
0.02                        /* intc 36*/
0.4                         /* alphaa, fraction of PAR assimilated at ecosystem level, relative to leaf level */
0.15                        /* albedo of green leaves*/
0.04                        /* albedo of stems*/
0.1                         /* albedo of litter */
0.4                         /* maximum snow coverage in green canopy */
0.5                         /* lightextcoeff, light extinction coeffcient in Lambert-Beer equation */
0.55                        /* new phenology: slope of cold-temperature limiting function */
-0.6297                     /* new phenology: inflection point of cold-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day cold-temperature limiting fct */
0.98                        /* new phenology: slope of warm-temperature limiting function tmax_sl */
41.12                       /* new phenology: inflection point of warm-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day warm-temperature limiting fct */
18.83                       /* new phenology: slope of light limiting function */
39.32                       /* new phenology: inflection point of light limiting function (Wm-2) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day light limiting function */
5                           /* new phenology: slope of water limiting function */
8.821                       /* new phenology: inflection point of water limiting function (% water availability)  */
0.8                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day water limiting function */
MORT_MAX                        /* asymptotic maximum mortality rate (1/year) */
EVERGREEN                   /* phenology */
C3                          /* pathway */
-4.0 42.0                   /* lower and upper temperature limit for co2 (deg C) 24 27*/
20 30                       /* lower and upper limit of temperature optimum for photosynthesis(deg C) 25 26*/
3.0 18.8                    /* lower and upper coldest monthly mean temperature(deg C) 28 29*/
0.43740                     /* shape factor for soil organic matter vertical distribution*/
ALPHA_FUELP_TROP            /* scaling factor fire danger index */
22.0                        /* fuel bulk density (pb) */
1568.0 106.0 4.80 5.70 17.60 3.240 /* emission factors */
APREC_MIN                   /* minimum annual precipitation to establish */
FLAM_TREE                   /* flam */
0.86                        /* turnover rate after Brovkin etal 2012*/
0.104                       /* turnover rate after Brovkin etal 2012*/
1.37                        /* Q10_wood */
0.4                         /* windspeed dampening */
1.0                         /* roughness length */
BROADLEAVED                 /* leaftype */
1.0 20 1.0                  /* turnover leaf  sapwood root 9 11 12*/
CTON_LEAF CTON_SAP CTON_ROOT/* C:N mass ratio for leaf, sapwood, and root 13,14,15*/
15                          /* crownarea_max 20*/
1.2                         /* sapwood sapling 22*/
REPROD_COST                 /* reproduction cost */
ALLOM1                      /* allometry */
ALLOM2
ALLOM3
ALLOM4
HEIGHT_MAX                  /* maximum height of tree */
0.3710                      /* scorch height (F) */
0.3334                      /* crown length (CL) */
0.0451                      /* bark thickness par1 */
0.1412                      /* bark thickness par2 */
0.95                        /* crown damage (rCK) */
3.00                        /* crown damage (p)     */
0.045 0.075 0.21 0.67       /* fuel fraction */
K_EST                       /* k_est */
8                           /* rotation */
40                          /* max_rotation_length */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* 5. pft */
TEMPERATE_BROADLEAVED_SUMMERGREEN_TREE
"temperate broadleaved summergreen tree"
TREE
NONE                        /* cultivation_type */
30 55 70 77                 /* curve number */
0.966                       /* beta_root 1 */
0.00                        /* minwscal 3*/
0.5                         /* gmin 4*/
1.2                         /* respcoeff 5*/
120                         /* nmax 7*/
0.3                         /* resist 8*/
0.45                        /* leaf longevity 10*/
1.0                         /* lmro_ratio 18*/
300                         /* ramp 19*/
1.500                       /* lai_sapl 21*/
1200.0                      /* gdd5min 30*/
1000                        /* twmax 31*/
1000                        /* twmax_daily 31*/
5.0                         /* gddbase (deg C) 33*/
-1000                       /* min_temprange 34*/
5.0                         /* emax 35*/
0.02                        /* intc 36*/
0.4                         /* alphaa, fraction of PAR assimilated at ecosystem level, relative to leaf level */
0.15                        /* albedo of green leaves*/
0.04                        /* albedo of stems */
0.1                         /* albedo of litter */
0.4                         /* maximum snow coverage in green canopy */
0.6                         /* lightextcoeff, light extinction coeffcient in Lambert-Beer equation */
0.2591                      /* new phenology: slope of cold-temperature limiting function */
13.69                       /* new phenology: inflection point of cold-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day cold-temperature limiting fct */
1.74                        /* new phenology: slope of warm-temperature limiting function tmax_sl */
41.51                       /* new phenology: inflection point of warm-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day warm-temperature limiting fct */
58                          /* new phenology: slope of light limiting function */
59.78                       /* new phenology: inflection point of light limiting function (Wm-2) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day light limiting function */
5.24                        /* new phenology: slope of water limiting function */
20.96                       /* new phenology: inflection point of water limiting function (% water availability)  */
0.8                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day water limiting function */
MORT_MAX                    /* asymptotic maximum mortality rate (1/year) */
SUMMERGREEN                 /* phenology */
C3                          /* pathway */
-4.0 38.0                   /* lower and upper temperature limit for co2 (deg C) 24 27*/
20 25                       /* lower and upper limit of temperature optimum for photosynthesis(deg C) 25 26*/
-17.0 15.5                  /* lower and upper coldest monthly mean temperature(deg C) 28 29*/
0.28880                     /* shape factor for soil organic matter vertical distribution*/
ALPHA_FUELP_EXTRATROP       /* scaling factor fire danger index */
22.0                        /* fuel bulk density */
1568.0 106.0 4.80 5.70 17.60 3.240 /* emission factors */
APREC_MIN                   /* minimum annual precipitation to establish */
FLAM_TREE                   /* flam */
0.95                        /* turnover rate after Brovkin etal 2012*/
0.104                       /* turnover rate after Brovkin etal 2012*/
1.37                        /* Q10_wood */
0.4                         /* windspeed dampening */
1.0                         /* roughness length */
BROADLEAVED                 /* leaftype */
1.0 20 1.0                  /* turnover leaf  sapwood root 9 11 12*/
CTON_LEAF CTON_SAP CTON_ROOT/* C:N mass ratio for leaf, sapwood, and root 13,14,15*/
15                          /* crownarea_max 20*/
1.2                         /* sapwood sapling 22*/
APHEN_MIN
APHEN_MAX
REPROD_COST                 /* reproduction cost */
ALLOM1                      /* allometry */
ALLOM2
ALLOM3
ALLOM4
HEIGHT_MAX                  /* maximum height of tree */
0.0940                      /* scorch height (F) */
0.3334                      /* crown length (CL) */
0.0347                      /* bark thickness par1 */
0.1086                      /* bark thickness par2 */
1.00                        /* crown damage (rCK) */
3.00                        /* crown damage (p)     */
0.045 0.075 0.21 0.67       /* fuel fraction */
K_EST                       /* k_est */
8                           /* rotation */
40                          /* max_rotation_length */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* 6. pft */
BOREAL_NEEDLELEAVED_EVERGREEN_TREE
"boreal needleleaved evergreen tree"
TREE
NONE                        /* cultivation_type */
30 55 70 77                 /* curve number */
0.943                       /* beta_root 1 */
0.00                        /* minwscal 3*/
0.3                         /* gmin 4*/
1.2                         /* respcoeff 5*/
100                         /* nmax 7*/
0.12                        /* resist 8*/
4.0                         /* leaf longevity 10*/
1.0                         /* lmro_ratio 18*/
1000                        /* ramp 19*/
1.500                       /* lai_sapl 21*/
600                         /* gdd5min 30*/
23                          /* twmax 31*/
25                          /* twmax_daily 31*/
5.0                         /* gddbase (deg C) 33*/
-1000                       /* min_temprange 34*/
5.0                         /* emax 35*/
0.06                        /* intc 36*/
0.4                         /* alphaa, fraction of PAR assimilated at ecosystem level, relative to leaf level */
0.13                        /* albedo of green leaves */
0.1                         /* albedo of stems */
0.1                         /* albedo of litter */
0.1                         /* maximum snow coverage in green canopy */
0.5                         /* lightextcoeff, light extinction coeffcient in Lambert-Beer equation */
0.1008                      /* new phenology: slope of cold-temperature limiting function */
-7.516                      /* new phenology: inflection point of cold-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day cold-temperature limiting fct */
0.24                        /* new phenology: slope of warm-temperature limiting function tmax_sl */
27.32                       /* new phenology: inflection point of warm-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day warm-temperature limiting fct */
14                          /* new phenology: slope of light limiting function */
3.04                        /* new phenology: inflection point of light limiting function (Wm-2) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day light limiting function */
5                           /* new phenology: slope of water limiting function */
0.007695                    /* new phenology: inflection point of water limiting function (% water availability)  */
0.8                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day water limiting function */
MORT_MAX                    /* asymptotic maximum mortality rate (1/year) */
EVERGREEN                   /* phenology */
C3                          /* pathway */
-4.0 38.0                   /* lower and upper temperature limit for co2 (deg C) 24 27*/
15 25                       /* lower and upper limit of temperature optimum for photosynthesis(deg C) 25 26*/
-32.5 -2                    /* lower and upper coldest monthly mean temperature(deg C) 28 29*/
0.28670                     /* shape factor for soil organic matter vertical distribution*/
ALPHA_FUELP_EXTRATROP       /* scaling factor fire danger index */
25.0                        /* fuel bulk density (pb) */
1568.0 106.0 4.80 5.70 17.60 3.240 /* emission factors */
APREC_MIN                   /* minimum annual precipitation to establish */
FLAM_TREE                   /* flam */
0.76                        /* turnover rate after Brovkin etal 2012*/
0.041                       /* turnover rate after Brovkin etal 2012*/
1.97                        /* Q10_wood */
0.4                         /* windspeed dampening */
1.0                         /* roughness length */
NEEDLELEAVED                /* leaftype */
4.0 20 4.0                  /* turnover leaf  sapwood root 9 11 12*/
CTON_LEAF CTON_SAP CTON_ROOT/* C:N mass ratio for leaf, sapwood, and root 13,14,15*/
15                          /* crownarea_max 20*/
1.2                         /* sapwood sapling 22*/
REPROD_COST                 /* reproduction cost */
ALLOM1                      /* allometry */
ALLOM2
ALLOM3
ALLOM4
HEIGHT_MAX                  /* maximum height of tree */
0.1100                      /* scorch height (F) */
0.3334                      /* crown length (CL) */
0.0292                      /* bark thickness par1 */
0.2632                      /* bark thickness par2 */
1.00                        /* crown damage (rCK) */
3.00                        /* crown damage (p)     */
0.045 0.075 0.21 0.67       /* fuel fraction */
K_EST                       /* k_est */
8                           /* rotation */
40                          /* max_rotation_length */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* 7. pft */
BOREAL_BROADLEAVED_SUMMERGREEN_TREE
"boreal broadleaved summergreen tree"
TREE
NONE                        /* cultivation_type */
30 55 70 77                 /* curve number */
0.943                       /* beta_root 1 */
0.00                        /* minwscal 3*/
0.5                         /* gmin 4*/
1.2                         /* respcoeff 5*/
100                         /* nmax 7*/
0.3                         /* resist 8*/
0.5                         /* leaf longevity 10*/
1.0                         /* lmro_ratio 18*/
200                         /* ramp 19*/
1.500                       /* lai_sapl 21*/
350                         /* gdd5min 30*/
23                          /* twmax 31*/
25                          /* twmax_daily 31*/
5.0                         /* gddbase (deg C) 33*/
-1000                       /* min_temprange 34*/
5.0                         /* emax 35*/
0.06                        /* intc 36*/
0.4                         /* alphaa, fraction of PAR assimilated at ecosystem level, relative to leaf level */
0.18                        /* albedo of green leaves */
0.1                         /* albedo of stems */
0.1                         /* albedo of litter */
0.15                        /* maximum snow coverage in green canopy */
0.5                         /* lightextcoeff, light extinction coeffcient in Lambert-Beer equation, Aubin etal., 2000) */
0.2153                      /* new phenology: slope of cold-temperature limiting function */
2.045                       /* new phenology: inflection point of cold-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day cold-temperature limiting fct */
1.74                        /* new phenology: slope of warm-temperature limiting function tmax_sl */
41.51                       /* new phenology: inflection point of warm-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day warm-temperature limiting fct */
58                          /* new phenology: slope of light limiting function */
59.78                       /* new phenology: inflection point of light limiting function (Wm-2) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day light limiting function */
5.24                        /* new phenology: slope of water limiting function */
20.96                       /* new phenology: inflection point of water limiting function (% water availability)  */
0.8                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day water limiting function */
MORT_MAX                    /* asymptotic maximum mortality rate (1/year) */
SUMMERGREEN                 /* phenology */
C3                          /* pathway */
-4.0 38.0                   /* lower and upper temperature limit for co2 (deg C) 24 27*/
15 25                       /* lower and upper limit of temperature optimum for photosynthesis(deg C) 25 26*/
-1000 -2                    /* lower and upper coldest monthly mean temperature(deg C) 28 29*/
0.28670                     /* shape factor for soil organic matter vertical distribution*/
ALPHA_FUELP_EXTRATROP       /* scaling factor fire danger index */
22.0                        /* fuel bulk density (pb) */
1568.0 106.0 4.80 5.70 17.60 3.240 /* emission factors */
APREC_MIN                   /* minimum annual precipitation to establish */
FLAM_TREE                   /* flam */
0.94                        /* turnover rate after Brovkin etal 2012*/
0.104                       /* turnover rate after Brovkin etal 2012*/
1.37                        /* Q10_wood */
0.4                         /* windspeed dampening */
1.0                         /* roughness length */
BROADLEAVED                 /* leaftype */
1.0 20 1.0                  /* turnover leaf  sapwood root 9 11 12*/
CTON_LEAF CTON_SAP CTON_ROOT/* C:N mass ratio for leaf, sapwood, and root 13,14,15*/
15                          /* crownarea_max 20*/
1.2                         /* sapwood sapling 22*/
APHEN_MIN
APHEN_MAX
REPROD_COST                 /* reproduction cost */
ALLOM1                      /* allometry */
ALLOM2
ALLOM3
ALLOM4
HEIGHT_MAX                  /* maximum height of tree */
0.0940                      /* scorch height (F) */
0.3334                      /* crown length (CL) */
0.0347                      /* bark thickness par1 */
0.1086                      /* bark thickness par2 */
1.00                        /* crown damage (rCK) */
3.00                        /* crown damage (p)     */
0.045 0.075 0.21 0.67       /* fuel fraction */
K_EST                       /* k_est */
8                           /* rotation */
40                          /* max_rotation_length */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* 8. pft */
BOREAL_NEEDLELEAVED_SUMMERGREEN_TREE
"boreal needleleaved summergreen tree"
TREE
NONE                        /* cultivation_type */
30 55 70 77                 /* curve number */
0.943                       /* beta_root 1 */
0.00                        /* minwscal 3*/
0.5                         /* gmin 4*/
1.2                         /* respcoeff 5*/
100                         /* nmax 7*/
0.12                        /* resist 8*/
0.65                        /* leaf longevity 10*/
1.0                         /* lmro_ratio 18*/
200                         /* ramp 19*/
1.500                       /* lai_sapl 21*/
350                         /* gdd5min 30*/
23                          /* twmax 31*/
25                          /* twmax_daily 31*/
5.0                         /* gddbase (deg C) 33*/
30                          /* min_temprange 34*/
5.0                         /* emax 35*/
0.06                        /* intc 36*/
0.4                         /* alphaa, fraction of PAR assimilated at ecosystem level, relative to leaf level */
0.12                        /* albedo of green leaves */
0.05                        /* albedo of stems */
0.01                        /* albedo of litter */
0.15                        /* maximum snow coverage in green canopy */
0.6                         /* lightextcoeff, light extinction coeffcient in Lambert-Beer equation */
0.15                        /* new phenology: slope of cold-temperature limiting function */
-4.165                      /* new phenology: inflection point of cold-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day cold-temperature limiting fct */
0.24                        /* new phenology: slope of warm-temperature limiting function tmax_sl */
44.6                        /* new phenology: inflection point of warm-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day warm-temperature limiting fct */
95                          /* new phenology: slope of light limiting function */
130.1                       /* new phenology: inflection point of light limiting function (Wm-2) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day light limiting function */
5                           /* new phenology: slope of water limiting function */
2.344                       /* new phenology: inflection point of water limiting function (% water availability)  */
0.8                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day water limiting function */
MORT_MAX                    /* asymptotic maximum mortality rate (1/year) */
SUMMERGREEN                 /* phenology */
C3                          /* pathway */
-4.0 38.0                   /* lower and upper temperature limit for co2 (deg C) 24 27*/
15 25                       /* lower and upper limit of temperature optimum for photosynthesis(deg C) 25 26*/
-46 -5.4                    /* lower and upper coldest monthly mean temperature(deg C) 28 29*/
0.28670                     /* shape factor for soil organic matter vertical distribution*/
ALPHA_FUELP_EXTRATROP       /* scaling factor fire danger index */
22.0                        /* fuel bulk density (pb) */
1568.0 106.0 4.80 5.70 17.60 3.240 /* emission factors */
APREC_MIN                   /* minimum annual precipitation to establish */
FLAM_TREE                   /* flam */
0.76                        /* turnover rate after Brovkin etal 2012*/
0.041                       /* turnover rate after Brovkin etal 2012*/
1.97                        /* Q10_wood */
0.4                         /* windspeed dampening */
1.0                         /* roughness length */
NEEDLELEAVED                /* leaftype */
1.0 20 1.0                  /* turnover leaf  sapwood root 9 11 12*/
CTON_LEAF CTON_SAP CTON_ROOT/* C:N mass ratio for leaf, sapwood, and root 13,14,15*/
15                          /* crownarea_max 20*/
1.2                         /* sapwood sapling 22*/
10
200
REPROD_COST                 /* reproduction cost */
ALLOM1                      /* allometry */
ALLOM2
ALLOM3
ALLOM4
HEIGHT_MAX                  /* maximum height of tree */
0.0940                      /* scorch height (F) */
0.3334                      /* crown length (CL) */
0.0347                      /* bark thickness par1 */
0.1086                      /* bark thickness par2 */
1.00                        /* crown damage (rCK) */
3.00                        /* crown damage (p)     */
0.045 0.075 0.21 0.67       /* fuel fraction */
K_EST                       /* k_est */
8                           /* rotation */
40                          /* max_rotation_length */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* 9. pft */
TROPICAL_HERBACEOUS
"Tropical C4 grass"
GRASS
NONE                        /* cultivation_type */
39 61 74 80                 /* curve number */
0.972                       /* beta_root 1 */
0.20                        /* minwscal 3*/
0.5                         /* gmin 4*/
0.2                         /* respcoeff 5*/
100                         /* nmax 7*/
0.01                        /* resist 8*/
0.4                         /* leaf longevity 10 0.75*/
0.60                        /* lmro_ratio 18*/
100                         /* ramp 19*/
0.001                       /* lai_sapl 21*/
0                           /* gdd5min 30*/
1000                        /* twmax 31*/
1000                        /* twmax_daily 31*/
5.0                         /* gddbase (deg C) 33*/
-1000                       /* min_temprange 34*/
7.0                         /* emax 35*/
0.01                        /* intc 36*/
0.4                         /* alphaa, fraction of PAR assimilated at ecosystem level, relative to leaf level */
0.21                        /* albedo of green leaves */
0.15                        /* albedo of stems */
0.1                         /* albedo of litter */
0.4                         /* maximum snow coverage in green canopy */
0.4                         /* lightextcoeff, light extinction coeffcient in Lambert-Beer equation */
0.91                        /* new phenology: slope of cold-temperature limiting function */
6.418                       /* new phenology: inflection point of cold-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day cold-temperature limiting fct */
1.47                        /* new phenology: slope of warm-temperature limiting function tmax_sl */
29.16                       /* new phenology: inflection point of warm-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day warm-temperature limiting fct */
64.23                       /* new phenology: slope of light limiting function */
69.9                        /* new phenology: inflection point of light limiting function (Wm-2) */
0.4                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day light limiting function */
0.1                         /* new phenology: slope of water limiting function */
41.72                       /* new phenology: inflection point of water limiting function (% water availability)  */
0.17                        /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day water limiting function */
MORT_MAX                        /* asymptotic maximum mortality rate (1/year) */
ANY                         /* phenology */
C4                          /* pathway */
6.0 55.0                    /* lower and upper temperature limit for co2 (deg C) 24 27*/
20 45                       /* lower and upper limit of temperature optimum for photosynthesis(deg C) 25 26*/
7.0 1000.0                  /* lower and upper coldest monthly mean temperature(deg C) 28 29*/
0.46513                     /* shape factor for soil organic matter vertical distribution*/
ALPHA_FUELP_EXTRATROP       /* scaling factor fire danger index */
2.0                         /* fuel bulk density (pb) */
1664.0 63.0 2.20 3.40 8.50 2.540 /* emission factors */
100                         /* minimum annual precipitation to establish */
FLAM_GRASS                  /* flam */
0.97                        /* turnover rate after Brovkin etal 2012*/
0.97                        /* turnover rate after Brovkin etal 2012*/
1                           /* Q10_wood */
0.6                         /* windspeed dampening */
0.03                        /* roughness length */
1.0 2.0                     /* turnover leaf root 9 12*/
CTON_LEAF CTON_ROOT         /* C:N mass ratio for leaf and root 13,15*/
REPROD_COST                 /* reproduction cost */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* 10. pft */
TEMPERATE_HERBACEOUS
"Temperate C3 grass"
GRASS
NONE                        /* cultivation_type */
39 61 74 80                 /* curve number */
0.943                       /* beta_root 1 */
0.20                        /* minwscal 3*/
0.5                         /* gmin 4*/
1.2                         /* respcoeff 5*/
100                         /* nmax 7*/
0.01                        /* resist 8*/
0.35                        /* leaf longevity 10*/
0.60                        /* lmro_ratio 18 0.75*/
100                         /* ramp 19*/
0.001                       /* lai_sapl 21*/
0                           /* gdd5min 30*/
1000                        /* twmax 31*/
1000                        /* twmax_daily 31*/
5.0                         /* gddbase (deg C) 33*/
-1000                       /* min_temprange 34*/
5.0                         /* emax 35*/
0.01                        /* intc 36*/
0.4                         /* alphaa, fraction of PAR assimilated at ecosystem level, relative to leaf level */
0.20                        /* albedo of green leaves */
0.15                        /* albedo of stems */
0.1                         /* albedo of litter */
0.4                         /* maximum snow coverage in green canopy */
0.5                         /* lightextcoeff, light extinction coeffcient in Lambert-Beer equation */
0.3111                      /* new phenology: slope of cold-temperature limiting function */
4.979                       /* new phenology: inflection point of cold-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.01011                     /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day cold-temperature limiting fct */
0.24                        /* new phenology: slope of warm-temperature limiting function tmax_sl */
32.04                       /* new phenology: inflection point of warm-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day warm-temperature limiting fct */
23                          /* new phenology: slope of light limiting function */
75.94                       /* new phenology: inflection point of light limiting function (Wm-2) */
0.22                        /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day light limiting function */
0.5222                      /* new phenology: slope of water limiting function */
53.07                       /* new phenology: inflection point of water limiting function (% water availability)  */
0.01001                     /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day water limiting function */
MORT_MAX                        /* asymptotic maximum mortality rate (1/year) */
ANY                         /* phenology */
C3                          /* pathway */
-4.0 45.0                   /* lower and upper temperature limit for co2 (deg C) 24 27*/
10 30                       /* lower and upper limit of temperature optimum for photosynthesis(deg C) 25 26*/
-39 15.5                    /* lower and upper coldest monthly mean temperature(deg C) 28 29*/
0.38184                     /* shape factor for soil organic matter vertical distribution*/
ALPHA_FUELP_EXTRATROP       /* scaling factor fire danger index */
4.0                         /* fuel bulk density (pb) */
1568.0 106.0 4.80 5.70 17.60 3.240 /* emission factors */
100                        /* minimum annual precipitation to establish */
FLAM_GRASS                  /* flam */
1.20                        /* turnover rate after Brovkin etal 2012*/
1.20                        /* turnover rate after Brovkin etal 2012*/
1                           /* Q10_wood */
0.6                         /* windspeed dampening */
0.03                        /* roughness length */
1.0 2.0                     /* turnover leaf root 9 12*/
CTON_LEAF CTON_ROOT         /* C:N mass ratio for leaf and root 13,15*/
REPROD_COST                 /* reproduction cost */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* 11. pft */
POLAR_HERBACEOUS
"Polar C3 grass"
GRASS
NONE                        /* cultivation_type */
39 61 74 80                 /* curve number */
0.943                       /* beta_root 1 */
0.20                        /* minwscal 3*/
0.5                         /* gmin 4*/
1.2                         /* respcoeff 5*/
100                         /* nmax 7*/
0.01                        /* resist 8*/
0.35                        /* leaf longevity 10*/
0.60                        /* lmro_ratio 18 0.75*/
100                         /* ramp 19*/
0.001                       /* lai_sapl 21*/
0.01                        /* gdd5min 30*/
1000                        /* twmax 31*/
1000                        /* twmax_daily 31*/
5.0                         /* gddbase (deg C) 33*/
18                          /* min_temprange 34*/
5.0                         /* emax 35*/
0.01                        /* intc 36*/
0.4                         /* alphaa, fraction of PAR assimilated at ecosystem level, relative to leaf level */
0.21                        /* albedo of green leaves 0.07 */
0.1                         /* albedo of stems */
0.1                         /* albedo of litter */
0.4                         /* maximum snow coverage in green canopy */
0.5                         /* lightextcoeff, light extinction coeffcient in Lambert-Beer equation */
0.13                        /* new phenology: slope of cold-temperature limiting function */
2.79                        /* new phenology: inflection point of cold-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day cold-temperature limiting fct */
0.24                        /* new phenology: slope of warm-temperature limiting function tmax_sl */
26.12                       /* new phenology: inflection point of warm-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day warm-temperature limiting fct */
23                          /* new phenology: slope of light limiting function */
50                          /* new phenology: inflection point of light limiting function (Wm-2) */
0.38                        /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day light limiting function */
0.88                        /* new phenology: slope of water limiting function */
1                           /* new phenology: inflection point of water limiting function (% water availability)  */
0.94                        /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day water limiting function */
MORT_MAX                        /* asymptotic maximum mortality rate (1/year) */
ANY                         /* phenology */
C3                          /* pathway */
-4.0 45.0                   /* lower and upper temperature limit for co2 (deg C) 24 27*/
10 30                       /* lower and upper limit of temperature optimum for photosynthesis(deg C) 25 26*/
-1000 -2.6                  /* lower and upper coldest monthly mean temperature(deg C) 28 29*/
0.38184                     /* shape factor for soil organic matter vertical distribution*/
ALPHA_FUELP_EXTRATROP       /* scaling factor fire danger index */
4.0                         /* fuel bulk density (pb) */
1568.0 106.0 4.80 5.70 17.60 3.240 /* emission factors */
APREC_MIN                   /* minimum annual precipitation to establish */
FLAM_GRASS                  /* flam */
1.20                        /* turnover rate after Brovkin etal 2012*/
1.20                        /* turnover rate after Brovkin etal 2012*/
1                           /* Q10_wood */
0.6                         /* windspeed dampening */
0.03                        /* roughness length */
1.0 2.0                     /* turnover leaf root 9 12*/
CTON_LEAF CTON_ROOT         /* C:N mass ratio for leaf and root 13,15*/
REPROD_COST                 /* reproduction cost */
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* 1. bft */
BIOENERGY_TROPICAL_TREE
"bioenergy tropical tree"
TREE
BIOMASS                     /* cultivation_type */
30 55 70 77                 /* curvenumbers*/
0.975                       /* beta_root */
0.00                        /* minwscal 3*/
0.2                         /* gmin 4, normal 0.5 */
0.2                         /* respcoeff 5 */
100                         /* nmax 7*/
1.0                         /* resist 8*/
2.0                         /* sla 10  */
1.0                         /* lmro_ratio 18*/
1000                        /* ramp 19*/
1.6                         /* lai_sapl 21, normal 1.5                         TIM 1.9*/
0.0                         /* gdd5min 30*/
1000                        /* twmax 31*/
1000                        /* twmax_daily 31*/
5.0                         /* gddbase (deg C) 33*/
-1000                       /* min_temprange 34*/
7.0                         /* emax 35, normal 7 */
0.02                        /* intc 36*/
0.8                         /* alphaa, fraction of PAR assimilated at ecosystem level, relative to leaf level */
0.13                        /* albedo of green leaves */
0.04                        /* albedo of stems */
0.1                         /* albedo of litter */
0.4                         /* maximum snow coverage in green canopy */
0.6                         /* lightextcoeff, light extinction coeffcient in Lambert-Beer equation */
1.01                        /* new phenology: slope of cold-temperature limiting function */
8.3                         /* new phenology: inflection point of cold-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day cold-temperature limiting fct */
1.86                        /* new phenology: slope of warm-temperature limiting function tmax_sl */
38.64                       /* new phenology: inflection point of warm-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day warm-temperature limiting fct */
77.17                       /* new phenology: slope of light limiting function */
55.53                       /* new phenology: inflection point of light limiting function (Wm-2) */
0.52                        /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day light limiting function */
5.14                        /* new phenology: slope of water limiting function */
4.997                       /* new phenology: inflection point of water limiting function (% water availability)  */
0.44                        /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day water limiting function */
0.005                        /* asymptotic maximum mortality rate (1/year) */
EVERGREEN                   /* phenology */
C3                          /* pathway */
2.0 55.0                    /* lower and upper temperature limit for co2 (deg C) 24 27*/
25 38                       /* lower and upper limit of temperature optimum for photosynthesis(deg C) 25 26 (Almeida, 2004, FEM) 8 38*/
7 1000                      /* lower and upper coldest monthly mean temperature(deg C) 28 29*/
0.38009                     /* shape factor for soil organic matter vertical distribution*/
ALPHA_FUELP_TROP            /* scaling factor fire danger index */
13.0                        /* fuel bulk density */
1664.0 63.0 2.20 3.40 8.50 2.540 /* emission factors */
APREC_MIN                   /* minimum annual precipitation to establish */
FLAM_TREE                   /* flam */
0.93                        /* turnover rate after Brovkin etal 2012*/
0.039                       /* turnover rate after Brovkin etal 2012*/
2.75                        /* Q10_wood */
0.4                         /* windspeed dampening */
1.0                         /* roughness length */
BROADLEAVED                 /* leaftype */
2.0 10  2.0                 /* turnover leaf  sapwood root 9 11 12*/
CTON_LEAF CTON_SAP CTON_ROOT /* C:N mass ratio for leaf, sapwood, and root 13,14,15*/
2.0                         /* crownarea_max 20*/
2.2                         /* sapwood sapling 22  TIM 2.5*/
REPROD_COST                 /* reproduction cost */
110                         /* allometry */
35
0.75
ALLOM4
8                           /* maximum height of tree */
0.061                       /* scorch height (F) */
0.10                        /* crown length (CL) */
0.1085                      /* bark thickness par1 */
0.2120                      /* bark thickness par2 */
0.05                        /* crown damage (rCK) */
3.00                        /* crown damage (p)     */
0.045 0.075 0.21 0.67       /* fuel fraction */
0.5                         /* k_est,  Giardina, 2002 */
8                           /* rotation */
40                          /* max_rotation_length */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* 2. bft */
BIOENERGY_TEMPERATE_TREE
"bioenergy temperate tree"
TREE
BIOMASS                     /* cultivation_type */
30 55 70 77                 /* curvenumbers */
0.966                       /* beta_root 1 */
0.00                        /* minwscal 3 */
0.2                         /* gmin 4 */
1.0                         /* respcoeff 5 */
120                         /* nmax 7*/
0.95                        /* resist 8, no fires on plantations */
0.45                        /* sla 10*/
1.0                         /* lmro_ratio 18*/
300                         /* ramp 19*/
1.6                         /* lai_sapl 2.1, larger sapling used for plantations, original value 1.5  */
300.0                       /* gdd5min 30*/
1000                        /* twmax 31*/
1000                        /* twmax_daily 31*/
5.0                         /* gddbase (deg C) 33*/
-1000                       /* min_temprange 34*/
5.0                         /* emax 35*/
0.02                        /* intc 36*/
0.8                         /* alphaa, fraction of PAR assimilated at ecosystem level, relative to leaf level */
0.14                        /* albedo of green leaves 0.1798*/
0.04                        /* albedo of stems */
0.1                         /* albedo of litter */
0.4                         /* maximum snow coverage in green canopy */
0.6                         /* lightextcoeff, light extinction coeffcient in Lambert-Beer equation */
0.2153                      /* new phenology: slope of cold-temperature limiting function */
5                           /* new phenology: inflection point of cold-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day cold-temperature limiting fct */
1.74                        /* new phenology: slope of warm-temperature limiting function tmax_sl */
41.51                       /* new phenology: inflection point of warm-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day warm-temperature limiting fct */
58                          /* new phenology: slope of light limiting function */
59.78                       /* new phenology: inflection point of light limiting function (Wm-2) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day light limiting function */
5.24                        /* new phenology: slope of water limiting function */
20.96                       /* new phenology: inflection point of water limiting function (% water availability)  */
0.8                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day water limiting function */
0.005                       /* asymptotic maximum mortality rate (1/year) */
SUMMERGREEN                 /* phenology */
C3                          /* pathway */
-4.0 38.0                   /* lower and upper temperature limit for co2 (deg C) 24 27*/
15 30                       /* lower and upper limit of temperature optimum for photosynthesis(deg C) 25 26*/
-30 8                       /* lower and upper coldest monthly mean temperature(deg C) 28 29*/
0.28880                     /* shape factor for soil organic matter vertical distribution*/
ALPHA_FUELP_EXTRATROP       /* scaling factor fire danger index */
22.0                        /* fuel bulk density */
1568.0 106.0 4.80 5.70 17.60 3.240 /* emission factors */
APREC_MIN                   /* minimum annual precipitation to establish */
FLAM_TREE                   /* flam */
0.95                        /* turnover rate after Brovkin etal 2012*/
0.104                       /* turnover rate after Brovkin etal 2012*/
1.37                        /* Q10_wood */
0.4                         /* windspeed dampening */
1.0                         /* roughness length */
BROADLEAVED                 /* leaftype */
1.0 10  1.0                 /* turnover leaf  sapwood root 9 11 12*/
CTON_LEAF CTON_SAP CTON_ROOT /* C:N mass ratio for leaf, sapwood, and root 13,14,15*/
1.5                         /* crownarea_max 20*/
2.5                         /* sapwood sapling 22 TIM 3.0*/
APHEN_MIN
APHEN_MAX
REPROD_COST                 /* reproduction cost */
110                         /* allometry */
35
0.75
ALLOM4
8                           /* maximum height of tree */
0.0940                      /* scorch height (F) */
0.3334                      /* crown length (CL) */
0.0347                      /* bark thickness par1 */
0.1086                      /* bark thickness par2 */
1.0                         /* crown damage (rCK) */
3.00                        /* crown damage (p)     */
0.045 0.075 0.21 0.67       /* fuel fraction */
0.8                         /* k_est TIM 1.5*/
8                           /* rotation */
40                          /* max_rotation_length */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* 3. bft ONLY FOR BIOENERGY*/
BIOENERGY_C4_GRASS
"bioenergy C4 grass"
GRASS
BIOMASS                     /* cultivation_type */
39 61 74 80                 /*curvenumbers */
0.972                       /* beta_root 1 */
0.20                        /* minwscal 3*/
0.5                         /* gmin 4*/
0.2                         /* respcoeff 5*/
100                         /* nmax 7*/
1.0                         /* resist 8*/
0.25                        /* sla 10*/
0.75                        /* lmro_ratio 18*/
100                         /* ramp 19*/
0.001                       /* lai_sapl 21*/
0                           /* gdd5min 30*/
1000                        /* twmax 31*/
1000                        /* twmax_daily 31*/
5.0                         /* gddbase (deg C) 33*/
-1000                       /* min_temprange 34*/
7.0                         /* emax 35*/
0.01                        /* intc 36*/
0.8                         /* alphaa, fraction of PAR assimilated at ecosystem level, relative to leaf level */
0.21                        /* albedo of green leaves */
0.15                        /* albedo of stems */
0.1                         /* albedo of litter */
0.4                         /* maximum snow coverage in green canopy */
0.6                         /* lightextcoeff, light extinction coeffcient in Lambert-Beer equation */
0.91                        /* new phenology: slope of cold-temperature limiting function */
6.418                       /* new phenology: inflection point of cold-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day cold-temperature limiting fct */
1.47                        /* new phenology: slope of warm-temperature limiting function tmax_sl */
29.16                       /* new phenology: inflection point of warm-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day warm-temperature limiting fct */
64.23                       /* new phenology: slope of light limiting function */
69.9                        /* new phenology: inflection point of light limiting function (Wm-2) */
0.4                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day light limiting function */
0.1                         /* new phenology: slope of water limiting function */
41.72                       /* new phenology: inflection point of water limiting function (% water availability)  */
0.17                        /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day water limiting function */
MORT_MAX                        /* asymptotic maximum mortality rate (1/year) */
ANY                         /* phenology */
C4                          /* pathway */
4.0 55.0                    /* lower and upper temperature limit for co2 (deg C) 24 27*/
15 45                        /* lower and upper limit of temperature optimum for photosynthesis(deg C) 25 26*/
-40 1000                    /* lower and upper coldest monthly mean temperature(deg C) 28 29*/
0.46513                     /* shape factor for soil organic matter vertical distribution*/
ALPHA_FUELP_EXTRATROP       /* scaling factor fire danger index */
2.0                         /* fuel bulk density (pb) */
1664.0 63.0 2.20 3.40 8.50 2.540 /* emission factors */
APREC_MIN                   /* minimum annual precipitation to establish */
FLAM_GRASS                  /* flam */
0.97                        /* turnover rate after Brovkin etal 2012*/
0.97                        /* turnover rate after Brovkin etal 2012*/
1                           /* Q10_wood */
0.6                         /* windspeed dampening */
0.03                        /* roughness length */
1.0 2.0                     /* turnover leaf root 9 12*/
CTON_LEAF CTON_ROOT         /* C:N mass ratio for leaf and root 13,15*/
REPROD_COST                 /* reproduction cost */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* 1. cft */
TEMPERATE_CEREALS
"temperate cereals"
CROP
ANNUAL_CROP                 /* cultivation_type */
60 72 80 84                 /* curve number */
0.9690                      /* beta_root 1 */
0.3                         /* minwscal 3*/
0.5                         /* gmin 4*/
1.0                         /* respcoeff 5*/
100                         /* nmax 7 value of 8. PFT*/
0.5                         /* resist 8*/
0.5                         /* leaf longevity 10*/
1.5                         /* lmro_ratio 18*/
500                         /* ramp 19*/
0.0001                      /* lai_sapl 21 not used, computed internally*/
0.0                         /* gdd5min 30 */
1000                        /* twmax 31 value of 8. PFT*/
1000                        /* twmax_daily 31*/
0.0                         /* gddbase (deg C) 33 */
-1000                       /* min_temprange 34 */
8.0                         /* emax 35*/
0.01                        /* intc 36*/
1.0                         /* alphaa, fraction of PAR assimilated at ecosystem level, relative to leaf level */
0.18                        /* albedo of green leaves */
0.15                        /* albedo of stems */
0.06                        /* albedo of litter */
0.4                         /* maximum snow coverage in green canopy */
0.5                         /* lightextcoeff, light extinction coeffcient in Lambert-Beer equation */
0.3111                      /* new phenology: slope of cold-temperature limiting function */
4.979                       /* new phenology: inflection point of cold-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.01011                     /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day cold-temperature limiting fct */
0.24                        /* new phenology: slope of warm-temperature limiting function tmax_sl */
32.04                       /* new phenology: inflection point of warm-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day warm-temperature limiting fct */
23                          /* new phenology: slope of light limiting function */
75.94                       /* new phenology: inflection point of light limiting function (Wm-2) */
0.22                        /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day light limiting function */
0.5222                      /* new phenology: slope of water limiting function */
53.07                       /* new phenology: inflection point of water limiting function (% water availability)  */
0.01001                     /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day water limiting function */
MORT_MAX                       /* asymptotic maximum mortality rate (1/year) */
CROPGREEN                   /* phenology */
C3                          /* pathway */
0.0 40.0                    /* lower and upper temperature limit for co2 (deg C) 24 27*/
12 17                       /* lower and upper limit of temperature optimum for photosynthesis(deg C) 25 26*/
-1000 1000                  /* lower and upper coldest monthly mean temperature(deg C) 28 29 */
0.40428                     /* shape factor for soil organic matter vertical distribution*/
ALPHA_FUELP_TROP            /* scaling factor fire danger index */
2.0                         /* fuel bulk density (pb) */
1568.0 106.0 4.80 5.70 17.60 3.240 /* emission factors */
0                           /* minimum annual precipitation to establish */
FLAM_GRASS                  /* flam */
K_LITTER10
K_LITTER10
1
0.6                         /* windspeed dampening */
0.03                        /* roughness length */
TEMP_WTYP_CALC_SDATE        /* calc_sdate: method to calculate the sowing date */
258 90                      /* sdatenh,sdatesh: init sowing date for northern and southern hemisphere (julian day) */
330                         /* hlimit: max length of crop cycle  */
30                          /* fallow_days: wait after harvest until next sowing */
12 5 12                     /* temp_fall, temp_spring, temp_vernalization: thresholds for sowing date f(T)*/
3 10                        /* min & max trg: temperature under which vernalization is possible (deg C)*/
0                           /* pvd: number of vernalising days required*/
1.0                         /* psens: sensitivity to the photoperiod effect [0-1](1 means no sensitivity)*/
8                           /* pb: basal photoperiod (h)(pb<ps for longer days plants)*/
20                          /* ps: saturating photoperiod (h) (ps<pb for shorter days plants)*/
1700.0 2876.9               /* min & max phu: potential heat units required for plant maturity winter(deg C)*/
1000.0 2648.4               /* min & intercept for computing potential heat units required for plant maturity summer(deg C)*/
9999                        /* phu parameter for determining the variability of phu */
0.0 0.0                     /* min & max basetemp: base temperature */
0.05                        /* fphuc: fraction of growing season 1 [0-1]*/
0.05                        /* flaimaxc: fraction of plant maximal LAI 1 [0-1]*/
0.45                        /* fphuk: fraction of growing season 2 [0-1]*/
0.95                        /* flaimaxk: fraction of plant maximal LAI 2 [0-1]*/
0.7                         /* fphusen: fraction of growing period at which LAI starts decreasing [0-1]*/
0.00                        /* flaimaxharvest: fraction of plant maximal LAI still present at harvest [0-1]*/
5.0                         /* laimax: plant maximal LAI (m2leaf/m2)*/
2.0                         /* laimin: plant maximal LAI (m2leaf/m2) in 1950*/
0.50                        /* hiopt: optimum harvest index HI reached at harvest*/
0.20                        /* himin: minimum harvest index HI reached at harvest*/
2.0                         /* shapesenescencenorm */
CTON_ROOT CTON_SO CTON_POOL /* C:N mass ratio for root, storage organ, and pool */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* 2. cft */
RICE
"rice"
CROP
ANNUAL_CROP                 /* cultivation_type */
60 72 80 84                 /* curve number */
0.9690                      /* beta_root 1 */
0.3                         /* minwscal 3*/
0.5                         /* gmin 4*/
1.0                         /* respcoeff 5*/
100                         /* nmax 7                            value of 8. PFT*/
0.5                         /* resist 8*/
0.33                        /* leaf longevity 10*/
1.5                         /* lmro_ratio 18*/
500                         /* ramp 19*/
0.001                       /* lai_sapl 21                       not used, computed internally*/
0.0                         /* gdd5min 30 */
1000                        /* twmax 31                          value of 8. PFT*/
1000                        /* twmax_daily 31*/
10.0                        /* gddbase (deg C) 33 */
-1000                       /* min_temprange 34 */
8.0                         /* emax 35*/
0.01                        /* intc 36*/
1.0                         /* alphaa, fraction of PAR assimilated at ecosystem level, relative to leaf level */
0.18                        /* albedo of green leaves Albedo estimates for land surface models and support for a new paradigm based on foliage nitrogen concentration Hollingeretal */
0.15                        /* albedo of stems */
0.06                        /* albedo of litter */
0.4                         /* maximum snow coverage in green canopy */
0.5                         /* lightextcoeff, light extinction coeffcient in Lambert-Beer equation */
0.91                        /* new phenology: slope of cold-temperature limiting function */
6.418                       /* new phenology: inflection point of cold-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day cold-temperature limiting fct */
1.47                        /* new phenology: slope of warm-temperature limiting function tmax_sl */
29.16                       /* new phenology: inflection point of warm-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day warm-temperature limiting fct */
64.23                       /* new phenology: slope of light limiting function */
69.9                        /* new phenology: inflection point of light limiting function (Wm-2) */
0.4                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day light limiting function */
0.1                         /* new phenology: slope of water limiting function */
41.72                       /* new phenology: inflection point of water limiting function (% water availability)  */
0.17                        /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day water limiting function */
MORT_MAX                       /* asymptotic maximum mortality rate (1/year) */
CROPGREEN                   /* phenology */
C3                          /* pathway */
6.0 55.0                    /* lower and upper temperature limit for co2 (deg C) 24 27*/
20 45                       /* lower and upper limit of temperature optimum for photosynthesis(deg C) 25 26*/
-1000 1000                  /* lower and upper coldest monthly mean temperature(deg C) 28 29 */
0.40428                     /* shape factor for soil organic matter vertical distribution*/
ALPHA_FUELP_TROP            /* scaling factor fire danger index */
2.0                         /* fuel bulk density (pb) */
1568.0 106.0 4.80 5.70 17.60 3.240 /* emission factors */
0                           /* minimum annual precipitation to establish */
FLAM_GRASS                  /* flam */
K_LITTER10
K_LITTER10
1
0.6                         /* windspeed dampening */
0.03                        /* roughness length */
PREC_CALC_SDATE             /* ????calc_sdate: method to calculate the sowing date */
100 180                     /* sdatenh,sdatesh: init sowing date for northern and southern hemisphere (julian day) */
180                         /* hlimit: max length of crop cycle  */
30                          /* fallow_days: wait after harvest until next sowing */
1000 18 1000                /* temp_fall, temp_spring, temp_vernalization: thresholds for sowing date f(T)*/
1000 1000                   /* min & max trg: temperature under which vernalization is possible (deg C)*/
0                           /* pvd: number of vernalising days required*/
1.0                         /* psens: sensitivity to the photoperiod effect [0-1](1 means no sensitivity)*/
24                          /* pb: basal photoperiod (h)(pb<ps for longer days plants)*/
0                           /* ps: saturating photoperiod (h) (ps<pb for shorter days plants)*/
0.0 0.0                     /* min & max phu: potential heat units required for plant maturity winter(deg C)*/
1600 1800                   /* min & max phu: potential heat units required for plant maturity summer(deg C)*/
9999                        /* phu parameter for determining the variability of phu */
10.0 10.0                   /* min & max basetemp: base temperature */
0.10                        /* fphuc: fraction of growing season 1 [0-1] mimic maize ERROR in SWAT/SWIM/EPIC parameters? 0.3*/
0.05                        /* flaimaxc: fraction of plant maximal LAI 1 [0-1] mimic maize ERROR in SWAT/SWIM/EPIC parameters? 0.01*/
0.50                        /* fphuk: fraction of growing season 2 [0-1] mimic maize ERROR in SWAT/SWIM/EPIC parameters? 0.7*/
0.95                        /* flaimaxk: fraction of plant maximal LAI 2 [0-1]*/
0.80                        /* fphusen: fraction of growing period at which LAI starts decreasing [0-1]*/
0.00                        /* flaimaxharvest: fraction of plant maximal LAI still present at harvest [0-1]*/
5.0                         /* laimax: plant maximal LAI (m2leaf/m2)*/
5.0                         /* laimin: plant maximal LAI (m2leaf/m2) in 1950*/
0.50                        /* hiopt: optimum harvest index HI reached at harvest*/
0.25                        /* himin: minimum harvest index HI reached at harvest*/
2.0                         /* shapesenescencenorm */
CTON_ROOT CTON_SO CTON_POOL /* C:N mass ratio for root, storage organ, and pool */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* 3. cft */
MAIZE
"maize"
CROP
ANNUAL_CROP                 /* cultivation_type */
60 72 80 84                 /* curve number */
0.9690                      /* beta_root 1 */
0.3                         /* minwscal 3*/
0.5                         /* gmin 4*/
1.0                         /* respcoeff 5*/
100                         /* nmax 7                            value of 8. PFT*/
0.5                         /* resist 8*/
0.33                        /* leaf longevity 10*/
1.5                         /* lmro_ratio 18*/
500                         /* ramp 19*/
0.001                       /* lai_sapl 21                       not used, computed internally*/
0.0                         /* gdd5min 30 */
1000                        /* twmax 31                          value of 8. PFT*/
1000                        /* twmax_daily 31*/
6.0                         /* gddbase (deg C) 33 */
-1000                       /* min_temprange 34 */
8.0                         /* emax 35*/
0.01                        /* intc 36*/
1.0                         /* alphaa, fraction of PAR assimilated at ecosystem level, relative to leaf level */
0.18                        /* albedo of green leaves */
0.15                        /* albedo of stems */
0.06                        /* albedo of litter */
0.4                         /* maximum snow coverage in green canopy */
0.5                         /* lightextcoeff, light extinction coeffcient in Lambert-Beer equation */
0.91                        /* new phenology: slope of cold-temperature limiting function */
6.418                       /* new phenology: inflection point of cold-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day cold-temperature limiting fct */
1.47                        /* new phenology: slope of warm-temperature limiting function tmax_sl */
29.16                       /* new phenology: inflection point of warm-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day warm-temperature limiting fct */
64.23                       /* new phenology: slope of light limiting function */
69.9                        /* new phenology: inflection point of light limiting function (Wm-2) */
0.4                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day light limiting function */
0.1                         /* new phenology: slope of water limiting function */
41.72                       /* new phenology: inflection point of water limiting function (% water availability)  */
0.17                        /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day water limiting function */
MORT_MAX                       /* asymptotic maximum mortality rate (1/year) */
CROPGREEN                   /* phenology */
C4                          /* pathway */
8.0 42.0                    /* lower and upper temperature limit for co2 (deg C) 24 27*/
21 26                       /* lower and upper limit of temperature optimum for photosynthesis(deg C) 25 26*/
-1000 1000                  /* lower and upper coldest monthly mean temperature(deg C) 28 29 */
0.40428                     /* shape factor for soil organic matter vertical distribution*/
ALPHA_FUELP_TROP            /* scaling factor fire danger index */
2.0                         /* fuel bulk density (pb) */
1568.0 106.0 4.80 5.70 17.60 3.240 /* emission factors */
0                           /* minimum annual precipitation to establish */
FLAM_GRASS                  /* flam */
K_LITTER10
K_LITTER10
1
0.6                         /* windspeed dampening */
0.03                        /* roughness length */
TEMP_PREC_CALC_SDATE        /* calc_sdate: method to calculate the sowing date*/
1 181                       /* sdatenh,sdatesh: init sowing date for northern and southern hemisphere (julian day) */
240                         /* hlimit: max length of crop cycle  */
30                          /* fallow_days: wait after harvest until next sowing */
1000 14 1000                /* temp_fall, temp_spring, temp_vernalization: thresholds for sowing date f(T)*/
1000 1000                   /* min & max trg: temperature under which vernalization is possible (deg C)*/
0                           /* pvd: number of vernalising days required*/
1.0                         /* psens: sensitivity to the photoperiod effect [0-1](1 means no sensitivity)*/
0                           /* pb: basal photoperiod (h)(pb<ps for longer days plants)*/
24                          /* ps: saturating photoperiod (h) (ps<pb for shorter days plants)*/
0.0 0.0                     /* min & max phu: potential heat units required for plant maturity winter(deg C)*/
1600.0 1600.0               /* min & max phu: potential heat units required for plant maturity summer(deg C)*/
9999                        /* phu parameter for determining the variability of phu */
5.0 15.0                    /* min & max basetemp: base temperature */
0.10                        /* fphuc: fraction of growing season 1 [0-1]*/
0.05                        /* flaimaxc: fraction of plant maximal LAI 1 [0-1]*/
0.50                        /* fphuk: fraction of growing season 2 [0-1]*/
0.95                        /* flaimaxk: fraction of plant maximal LAI 2 [0-1]*/
0.75                        /* fphusen: fraction of growing period at which LAI starts decreasing [0-1]*/
0.00                        /* flaimaxharvest: fraction of plant maximal LAI still present at harvest [0-1]*/
5.0                         /* laimax: plant maximal LAI (m2leaf/m2)*/
4.0                         /* laimin: plant maximal LAI (m2leaf/m2) in 1950*/
0.50                        /* hiopt: optimum harvest index HI reached at harvest*/
0.30                        /* himin: minimum harvest index HI reached at harvest*/
2.0                         /* shapesenescencenorm */
CTON_ROOT CTON_SO CTON_POOL /* C:N mass ratio for root, storage organ, and pool */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* 4. cft */
TROPICAL_CEREALS
"tropical cereals"
CROP
ANNUAL_CROP                 /* cultivation_type */
60 72 80 84                 /* curve number */
0.9690                      /* beta_root 1 */
0.3                         /* minwscal 3*/
0.5                         /* gmin 4*/
1.0                         /* respcoeff 5*/
100                         /* nmax 7                            value of 8. PFT*/
0.5                         /* resist 8*/
0.5                         /* leaf longevity 10*/
1.5                         /* lmro_ratio 18*/
500                         /* ramp 19*/
0.001                       /* lai_sapl 21                       not used, computed internally*/
0.0                         /* gdd5min 30 */
1000                        /* twmax 31                          value of 8. PFT*/
1000                        /* twmax_daily 31*/
10.0                        /* gddbase (deg C) 33 */
-1000                       /* min_temprange 34 */
8.0                         /* emax 35*/
0.01                        /* intc 36*/
1.0                         /* alphaa, fraction of PAR assimilated at ecosystem level, relative to leaf level */
0.18                        /* albedo of green leaves */
0.15                        /* albedo of stems */
0.06                        /* albedo of litter */
0.4                         /* maximum snow coverage in green canopy */
0.5                         /* lightextcoeff, light extinction coeffcient in Lambert-Beer equation */
0.91                        /* new phenology: slope of cold-temperature limiting function */
6.418                       /* new phenology: inflection point of cold-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day cold-temperature limiting fct */
1.47                        /* new phenology: slope of warm-temperature limiting function tmax_sl */
29.16                       /* new phenology: inflection point of warm-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day warm-temperature limiting fct */
64.23                       /* new phenology: slope of light limiting function */
69.9                        /* new phenology: inflection point of light limiting function (Wm-2) */
0.4                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day light limiting function */
0.1                         /* new phenology: slope of water limiting function */
41.72                       /* new phenology: inflection point of water limiting function (% water availability)  */
0.17                        /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day water limiting function */
MORT_MAX                       /* asymptotic maximum mortality rate (1/year) */
CROPGREEN                   /* phenology */
C4                          /* pathway */
6.0 55.0                    /* lower and upper temperature limit for co2 (deg C) 24 27*/
20 45                       /* lower and upper limit of temperature optimum for photosynthesis(deg C) 25 26*/
-1000 1000                  /* lower and upper coldest monthly mean temperature(deg C) 28 29 */
0.40428                     /* shape factor for soil organic matter vertical distribution*/
ALPHA_FUELP_TROP            /* scaling factor fire danger index */
2.0                         /* fuel bulk density (pb) */
1568.0 106.0 4.80 5.70 17.60 3.240 /* emission factors */
0                           /* minimum annual precipitation to establish */
FLAM_GRASS                  /* flam */
K_LITTER10
K_LITTER10
1
0.6                         /* windspeed dampening */
0.03                        /* roughness length */
PREC_CALC_SDATE                        /* calc_sdate: method to calculate the sowing date*/
80 260                      /* sdatenh,sdatesh: init sowing date for northern and southern hemisphere (julian day) */
240                         /* hlimit: max length of crop cycle  */
30                          /* fallow_days: wait after harvest until next sowing */
1000 12 1000                /* temp_fall, temp_spring, temp_vernalization: thresholds for sowing date f(T)*/
1000 1000                   /* min & max trg: temperature under which vernalization is possible (deg C)*/
0                           /* pvd: number of vernalising days required*/
1.0                         /* psens: sensitivity to the photoperiod effect [0-1](1 means no sensitivity)*/
0                           /* pb: basal photoperiod (h)(pb<ps for longer days plants)*/
24                          /* ps: saturating photoperiod (h) (ps<pb for shorter days plants)*/
0.0 0.0                     /* min & max phu: potential heat units required for plant maturity winter(deg C)*/
1500 1500                   /* min & max phu: potential heat units required for plant maturity summer(deg C)*/
9999                        /* phu parameter for determining the variability of phu */
10.0 10.0                   /* min & max basetemp: base temperature */
0.15                        /* fphuc: fraction of growing season 1 [0-1]*/
0.01                        /* flaimaxc: fraction of plant maximal LAI 1 [0-1]*/
0.50                        /* fphuk: fraction of growing season 2 [0-1]*/
0.95                        /* flaimaxk: fraction of plant maximal LAI 2 [0-1]*/
0.85                        /* fphusen: fraction of growing period at which LAI starts decreasing [0-1]*/
0.00                        /* flaimaxharvest: fraction of plant maximal LAI still present at harvest [0-1]*/
5.0                         /* laimax: plant maximal LAI (m2leaf/m2)*/
5.0                         /* laimin: plant maximal LAI (m2leaf/m2) in 1950*/
0.25                        /* hiopt: optimum harvest index HI reached at harvest*/
0.10                        /* himin: minimum harvest index HI reached at harvest*/
2.0                         /* shapesenescencenorm */
CTON_ROOT CTON_SO CTON_POOL /* C:N mass ratio for root, storage organ, and pool */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* 5. cft */
PULSES                      /* re-parameterized as field peas, swatusermanual2000.pdf, CM 4.2.2009 */
"pulses"
CROP
ANNUAL_CROP                 /* cultivation_type */
60 72 80 84                 /* curve number */
0.9690                      /* beta_root 1 */
0.3                         /* minwscal 3*/
0.5                         /* gmin 4*/
1.0                         /* respcoeff 5*/
100                         /* nmax 7                            value of 8. PFT*/
0.5                         /* resist 8*/
0.5                         /* leaf longevity 10*/
1.5                         /* lmro_ratio 18*/
500                         /* ramp 19*/
0.001                       /* lai_sapl 21                       not used, computed internally*/
0.0                         /* gdd5min 30 */
1000                        /* twmax 31                          value of 8. PFT*/
1000                        /* twmax_daily 31*/
1.0                         /* gddbase (deg C) 33 */
-1000                       /* min_temprange 34 */
8.0                         /* emax 35*/
0.01                        /* intc 36*/
1.0                         /* alphaa, fraction of PAR assimilated at ecosystem level, relative to leaf level */
0.18                        /* albedo of green leaves */
0.15                        /* albedo of stems */
0.06                        /* albedo of litter */
0.4                         /* maximum snow coverage in green canopy */
0.5                         /* lightextcoeff, light extinction coeffcient in Lambert-Beer equation */
0.3111                      /* new phenology: slope of cold-temperature limiting function */
4.979                       /* new phenology: inflection point of cold-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.01011                     /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day cold-temperature limiting fct */
0.24                        /* new phenology: slope of warm-temperature limiting function tmax_sl */
32.04                       /* new phenology: inflection point of warm-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day warm-temperature limiting fct */
23                          /* new phenology: slope of light limiting function */
75.94                       /* new phenology: inflection point of light limiting function (Wm-2) */
0.22                        /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day light limiting function */
0.5222                      /* new phenology: slope of water limiting function */
53.07                       /* new phenology: inflection point of water limiting function (% water availability)  */
0.01001                     /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day water limiting function */
MORT_MAX                       /* asymptotic maximum mortality rate (1/year) */
CROPGREEN                   /* phenology */
C3                          /* pathway */
-4.0 45.0                   /* lower and upper temperature limit for co2 (deg C) 24 27*/
10 30                       /* lower and upper limit of temperature optimum for photosynthesis(deg C) 25 26*/
-1000 1000                  /* lower and upper coldest monthly mean temperature(deg C) 28 29 */
0.40428                     /* shape factor for soil organic matter vertical distribution*/
ALPHA_FUELP_TROP            /* scaling factor fire danger index */
2.0                         /* fuel bulk density (pb) */
1568.0 106.0 4.80 5.70 17.60 3.240 /* emission factors */
0                           /* minimum annual precipitation to establish */
FLAM_GRASS                  /* flam */
K_LITTER10
K_LITTER10
1
0.6                         /* windspeed dampening */
0.03                        /* roughness length */
TEMP_PREC_CALC_SDATE        /* calc_sdate: method to calculate the sowing date*/
1 181                       /* sdatenh,sdatesh: init sowing date for northern and southern hemisphere (julian day) */
300                         /* hlimit: max length of crop cycle  */
30                          /* fallow_days: wait after harvest until next sowing */
1000 10 1000                /* temp_fall, temp_spring, temp_vernalization: thresholds for sowing date f(T)*/
1000 1000                   /* min & max trg: temperature under which vernalization is possible (deg C)*/
0                           /* pvd: number of vernalising days required*/
1.0                         /* psens: sensitivity to the photoperiod effect [0-1](1 means no sensitivity)*/
0                           /* pb: basal photoperiod (h)(pb<ps for longer days plants)*/
24                          /* ps: saturating photoperiod (h) (ps<pb for shorter days plants)*/
0.0 0.0                     /* min & max phu: potential heat units required for plant maturity winter(deg C)*/
2000 2000                   /* min & max phu: potential heat units required for plant maturity summer(deg C)*/
9999                        /* phu parameter for determining the variability of phu */
1.0 1.0                     /* min & max basetemp: base temperature */
0.15                        /* fphuc: fraction of growing season 1 [0-1]*/
0.01                        /* flaimaxc: fraction of plant maximal LAI 1 [0-1]*/
0.50                        /* fphuk: fraction of growing season 2 [0-1]*/
0.95                        /* flaimaxk: fraction of plant maximal LAI 2 [0-1]*/
0.90                        /* fphusen: fraction of growing period at which LAI starts decreasing [0-1]*//*newer value in swat2005io.pdf, used to be 0.75*/
0.00                        /* flaimaxharvest: fraction of plant maximal LAI still present at harvest [0-1]*/
4.0                         /* laimax: plant maximal LAI (m2leaf/m2)*/
4.0                         /* laimin: plant maximal LAI (m2leaf/m2) in 1950*/
0.45                        /* hiopt: optimum harvest index HI reached at harvest*/
0.1                         /* himin: minimum harvest index HI reached at harvest*/
2.0                         /* shapesenescencenorm */
CTON_ROOT CTON_SO CTON_POOL /* C:N mass ratio for root, storage organ, and pool */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* 6. cft */
TEMPERATE_ROOTS
"temperate roots"
CROP
ANNUAL_CROP                 /* cultivation_type */
60 72 80 84                 /* curve number */
0.9690                      /* beta_root 1 */
0.3                         /* minwscal 3*/
0.5                         /* gmin 4*/
1.0                         /* respcoeff 5*/
100                         /* nmax 7                            value of 8. PFT*/
0.5                         /* resist 8*/
0.5                         /* leaf longevity 10*/
1.5                         /* lmro_ratio 18*/
500                         /* ramp 19*/
0.001                       /* lai_sapl 21                       not used, computed internally*/
0.0                         /* gdd5min 30 */
1000                        /* twmax 31                          value of 8. PFT*/
1000                        /* twmax_daily 31*/
3.0                         /* gddbase (deg C) 33 */
-1000                       /* min_temprange 34 */
8.0                         /* emax 35*/
0.01                        /* intc 36*/
1.0                         /* alphaa, fraction of PAR assimilated at ecosystem level, relative to leaf level */
0.18                        /* albedo of green leaves */
0.15                        /* albedo of stems */
0.06                        /* albedo of litter */
0.4                         /* maximum snow coverage in green canopy */
0.5                         /* lightextcoeff, light extinction coeffcient in Lambert-Beer equation */
0.3111                      /* new phenology: slope of cold-temperature limiting function */
4.979                       /* new phenology: inflection point of cold-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.01011                     /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day cold-temperature limiting fct */
0.24                        /* new phenology: slope of warm-temperature limiting function tmax_sl */
32.04                       /* new phenology: inflection point of warm-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day warm-temperature limiting fct */
23                          /* new phenology: slope of light limiting function */
75.94                       /* new phenology: inflection point of light limiting function (Wm-2) */
0.22                        /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day light limiting function */
0.5222                      /* new phenology: slope of water limiting function */
53.07                       /* new phenology: inflection point of water limiting function (% water availability)  */
0.01001                     /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day water limiting function */
MORT_MAX                       /* asymptotic maximum mortality rate (1/year) */
CROPGREEN                   /* phenology */
C3                          /* pathway */
-4.0 45.0                   /* lower and upper temperature limit for co2 (deg C) 24 27*/
10 30                       /* lower and upper limit of temperature optimum for photosynthesis(deg C) 25 26*/
-1000 1000                  /* lower and upper coldest monthly mean temperature(deg C) 28 29 */
0.40428                     /* shape factor for soil organic matter vertical distribution*/
ALPHA_FUELP_TROP            /* scaling factor fire danger index */
2.0                         /* fuel bulk density (pb) */
1568.0 106.0 4.80 5.70 17.60 3.240 /* emission factors */
0                           /* minimum annual precipitation to establish */
FLAM_GRASS                  /* flam */
K_LITTER10
K_LITTER10
1
0.6                         /* windspeed dampening */
0.03                        /* roughness length */
TEMP_STYP_CALC_SDATE        /* calc_sdate: method to calculate the sowing date*/
90 270                      /* sdatenh,sdatesh: init sowing date for northern and southern hemisphere (julian day) */
260                         /* hlimit: max length of crop cycle  */
30                          /* fallow_days: wait after harvest until next sowing */
1000 8 1000                 /* temp_fall, temp_spring, temp_vernalization: thresholds for sowing date f(T)*/
1000 1000                   /* min & max trg: temperature under which vernalization is possible (deg C)*/
0                           /* pvd: number of vernalising days required*/
1.0                         /* psens: sensitivity to the photoperiod effect [0-1](1 means no sensitivity)*/
0                           /* pb: basal photoperiod (h)(pb<ps for longer days plants)*/
24                          /* ps: saturating photoperiod (h) (ps<pb for shorter days plants)*/
0.0 0.0                     /* min & max phu: potential heat units required for plant maturity winter(deg C)*/
2700 2700                   /* min & max phu: potential heat units required for plant maturity summer(deg C)*/
9999                        /* phu parameter for determining the variability of phu */
3.0 3.0                     /* min & max basetemp: base temperature */
0.15                        /* fphuc: fraction of growing season 1 [0-1]*/
0.05                        /* flaimaxc: fraction of plant maximal LAI 1 [0-1]*/
0.50                        /* fphuk: fraction of growing season 2 [0-1]*/
0.95                        /* flaimaxk: fraction of plant maximal LAI 2 [0-1]*/
0.75                        /* fphusen: fraction of growing period at which LAI starts decreasing [0-1]*/
0.75                        /* flaimaxharvest: fraction of plant maximal LAI still present at harvest [0-1]*/
5.0                         /* laimax: plant maximal LAI (m2leaf/m2)*/
5.0                         /* laimin: plant maximal LAI (m2leaf/m2) in 1950*/
3.5                         /* hiopt: optimum harvest index HI reached at harvest*/
1.25                        /* himin: minimum harvest index HI reached at harvest*/
0.5                         /* shapesenescencenorm */
CTON_ROOT CTON_SO CTON_POOL /* C:N mass ratio for root, storage organ, and pool */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* 7. cft */
TROPICAL_ROOTS
"tropical roots"            /* re-parameterized as Cassava, 14.12.2009 KW */
CROP
ANNUAL_CROP                 /* cultivation_type */
60 72 80 84                 /* curve number */
0.9690                      /* beta_root 1 */
0.3                         /* minwscal 3*/
0.5                         /* gmin 4*/
1.0                         /* respcoeff 5*/
100                         /* nmax 7                            value of 8. PFT*/
0.5                         /* resist 8*/
0.5                         /* leaf longevity 10*/
1.5                         /* lmro_ratio 18*/
500                         /* ramp 19*/
0.001                       /* lai_sapl 21                       not used, computed internally*/
0.0                         /* gdd5min 30 */
1000                        /* twmax 31                          value of 8. PFT*/
1000                        /* twmax_daily 31*/
15.0                        /* gddbase (deg C) 33 */
-1000                       /* min_temprange 34 */
8.0                         /* emax 35*/
0.01                        /* intc 36*/
1.0                         /* alphaa, fraction of PAR assimilated at ecosystem level, relative to leaf level */
0.18                        /* albedo of green leaves */
0.15                        /* albedo of stems */
0.06                        /* albedo of litter */
0.4                         /* maximum snow coverage in green canopy */
0.5                         /* lightextcoeff, light extinction coeffcient in Lambert-Beer equation */
0.91                        /* new phenology: slope of cold-temperature limiting function */
6.418                       /* new phenology: inflection point of cold-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day cold-temperature limiting fct */
1.47                        /* new phenology: slope of warm-temperature limiting function tmax_sl */
29.16                       /* new phenology: inflection point of warm-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day warm-temperature limiting fct */
64.23                       /* new phenology: slope of light limiting function */
69.9                        /* new phenology: inflection point of light limiting function (Wm-2) */
0.4                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day light limiting function */
0.1                         /* new phenology: slope of water limiting function */
41.72                       /* new phenology: inflection point of water limiting function (% water availability)  */
0.17                        /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day water limiting function */
MORT_MAX                       /* asymptotic maximum mortality rate (1/year) */
CROPGREEN                   /* phenology */
C3                          /* pathway */
6.0 55.0                    /* lower and upper temperature limit for co2 (deg C) 24 27*/
20 45                       /* lower and upper limit of temperature optimum for photosynthesis(deg C) 25 26*/
-1000 1000                  /* lower and upper coldest monthly mean temperature(deg C) 28 29 */
0.40428                     /* shape factor for soil organic matter vertical distribution*/
ALPHA_FUELP_TROP            /* scaling factor fire danger index */
2.0                         /* fuel bulk density (pb) */
1568.0 106.0 4.80 5.70 17.60 3.240 /* emission factors */
0                           /* minimum annual precipitation to establish */
FLAM_GRASS                  /* flam */
K_LITTER10
K_LITTER10
1
0.6                         /* windspeed dampening */
0.03                        /* roughness length */
PREC_CALC_SDATE             /* calc_sdate: method to calculate the sowing date */
80 180                      /* sdatenh,sdatesh: init sowing date for northern and southern hemisphere (julian day) */
330                         /* hlimit: max length of crop cycle  */
30                          /* fallow_days: wait after harvest until next sowing */
1000 22 1000                /* temp_fall, temp_spring, temp_vernalization: thresholds for sowing date f(T)*/
1000 1000                   /* min & max trg: temperature under which vernalization is possible (deg C)*/
0                           /* pvd: number of vernalising days required*/
1.0                         /* psens: sensitivity to the photoperiod effect [0-1](1 means no sensitivity)*/
0                           /* pb: basal photoperiod (h)(pb<ps for longer days plants)*/
24                          /* ps: saturating photoperiod (h) (ps<pb for shorter days plants)*/
0.0 0.0                     /* min & max phu: potential heat units required for plant maturity winter(deg C)*/
2000 2000                   /* min & max phu: potential heat units required for plant maturity summer(deg C)*/
9999                        /* phu parameter for determining the variability of phu */
15.0 15.0                   /* min & max basetemp: base temperature */
0.15                        /* fphuc: fraction of growing season 1 [0-1]*/
0.05                        /* flaimaxc: fraction of plant maximal LAI 1 [0-1]*/
0.50                        /* fphuk: fraction of growing season 2 [0-1]*/
0.95                        /* flaimaxk: fraction of plant maximal LAI 2 [0-1]*/
0.75                        /* fphusen: fraction of growing period at which LAI starts decreasing [0-1]*/
0.75                        /* flaimaxharvest: fraction of plant maximal LAI still present at harvest [0-1]*/
5.0                         /* laimax: plant maximal LAI (m2leaf/m2)*/
5.0                         /* laimin: plant maximal LAI (m2leaf/m2) in 1950*/
2                           /* hiopt: optimum harvest index HI reached at harvest*/
1.10                        /* himin: minimum harvest index HI reached at harvest*/
0.5                         /* shapesenescencenorm */
CTON_ROOT CTON_SO CTON_POOL /* C:N mass ratio for root, storage organ, and pool */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* 8. cft */
OIL_CROPS_SUNFLOWER
"oil crops sunflower"
CROP
ANNUAL_CROP                 /* cultivation_type */
60 72 80 84                 /* curve number */
0.9690                      /* beta_root 1 */
0.3                         /* minwscal 3*/
0.5                         /* gmin 4*/
1.0                         /* respcoeff 5*/
100                         /* nmax 7                            value of 8. PFT*/
0.5                         /* resist 8*/
0.33                        /* leaf longevity 10*/
1.5                         /* lmro_ratio 18*/
500                         /* ramp 19*/
0.001                       /* lai_sapl 21                       not used, computed internally*/
0.0                         /* gdd5min 30 */
1000                        /* twmax 31                          value of 8. PFT*/
1000                        /* twmax_daily 31*/
6.0                         /* gddbase (deg C) 33 */
-1000                       /* min_temprange 34 */
8.0                         /* emax 35*/
0.01                        /* intc 36*/
1.0                         /* alphaa, fraction of PAR assimilated at ecosystem level, relative to leaf level */
0.18                        /* albedo of green leaves */
0.15                        /* albedo of stems */
0.06                        /* albedo of litter */
0.4                         /* maximum snow coverage in green canopy */
0.5                         /* lightextcoeff, light extinction coeffcient in Lambert-Beer equation */
0.3111                      /* new phenology: slope of cold-temperature limiting function */
4.979                       /* new phenology: inflection point of cold-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.01011                     /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day cold-temperature limiting fct */
0.24                        /* new phenology: slope of warm-temperature limiting function tmax_sl */
32.04                       /* new phenology: inflection point of warm-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day warm-temperature limiting fct */
23                          /* new phenology: slope of light limiting function */
75.94                       /* new phenology: inflection point of light limiting function (Wm-2) */
0.22                        /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day light limiting function */
0.5222                      /* new phenology: slope of water limiting function */
53.07                       /* new phenology: inflection point of water limiting function (% water availability)  */
0.01001                     /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day water limiting function */
MORT_MAX                       /* asymptotic maximum mortality rate (1/year) */
CROPGREEN                   /* phenology */
C3                          /* pathway */
8.0 42.0                    /* lower and upper temperature limit for co2 (deg C) 24 27*/
25 32                       /* lower and upper limit of temperature optimum for photosynthesis(deg C) 25 26*/
-1000 1000                  /* lower and upper coldest monthly mean temperature(deg C) 28 29 */
0.40428                     /* shape factor for soil organic matter vertical distribution*/
ALPHA_FUELP_TROP            /* scaling factor fire danger index */
2.0                         /* fuel bulk density (pb) */
1568.0 106.0 4.80 5.70 17.60 3.240 /* emission factors */
0                           /* minimum annual precipitation to establish */
FLAM_GRASS                  /* flam */
K_LITTER10
K_LITTER10
1
0.6                         /* windspeed dampening */
0.03                        /* roughness length */
TEMP_STYP_CALC_SDATE        /* calc_sdate: method to calculate the sowing date */
1 181                       /* sdatenh,sdatesh: init sowing date for northern and southern hemisphere (julian day) */
240                         /* hlimit: max length of crop cycle  */
30                          /* fallow_days: wait after harvest until next sowing */
1000 13 1000                /* temp_fall, temp_spring, temp_vernalization: thresholds for sowing date f(T)*/
1000 1000                   /* min & max trg: temperature under which vernalization is possible (deg C)*/
0                           /* pvd: number of vernalising days required*/
1.0                         /* psens: sensitivity to the photoperiod effect [0-1](1 means no sensitivity)*/
0                           /* pb: basal photoperiod (h)(pb<ps for longer days plants)*/
24                          /* ps: saturating photoperiod (h) (ps<pb for shorter days plants)*/
0.0 0.0                     /* min & max phu: potential heat units required for plant maturity winter(deg C)*/
1000 1600                   /* min & max phu: potential heat units required for plant maturity summer(deg C)*/
2460                        /* phu parameter for determining the variability of phu */
6.0 6.0                     /* min & max basetemp: base temperature */
0.15                        /* fphuc: fraction of growing season 1 [0-1]*/
0.01                        /* flaimaxc: fraction of plant maximal LAI 1 [0-1]*/
0.50                        /* fphuk: fraction of growing season 2 [0-1]*/
0.95                        /* flaimaxk: fraction of plant maximal LAI 2 [0-1]*/
0.70                        /* fphusen: fraction of growing period at which LAI starts decreasing [0-1]*/
0.00                        /* flaimaxharvest: fraction of plant maximal LAI still present at harvest [0-1]*/
5.0                         /* laimax: plant maximal LAI (m2leaf/m2)*/
5.0                         /* laimin: plant maximal LAI (m2leaf/m2) in 1950*/
0.40                        /* hiopt: optimum harvest index HI reached at harvest*/
0.20                        /* himin: minimum harvest index HI reached at harvest*/
2.0                         /* shapesenescencenorm */
CTON_ROOT CTON_SO CTON_POOL /* C:N mass ratio for root, storage organ, and pool */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* 9. cft */
OIL_CROPS_SOYBEAN
"oil crops soybean"
CROP
ANNUAL_CROP                 /* cultivation_type */
60 72 80 84                 /* curve number */
0.9690                      /* beta_root 1 */
0.3                         /* minwscal 3*/
0.5                         /* gmin 4*/
1.0                         /* respcoeff 5*/
100                         /* nmax 7                            value of 8. PFT*/
0.5                         /* resist 8*/
0.66                        /* leaf longevity 10*/
1.5                         /* lmro_ratio 18*/
500                         /* ramp 19*/
0.001                       /* lai_sapl 21                       not used, computed internally*/
0.0                         /* gdd5min 30 */
1000                        /* twmax 31                          value of 8. PFT*/
1000                        /* twmax_daily 31*/
10.0                        /* gddbase (deg C) 33 */
-1000                       /* min_temprange 34 */
8.0                         /* emax 35*/
0.01                        /* intc 36*/
1.0                         /* alphaa, fraction of PAR assimilated at ecosystem level, relative to leaf level */
0.18                        /* albedo of green leaves */
0.15                        /* albedo of stems */
0.06                        /* albedo of litter */
0.4                         /* maximum snow coverage in green canopy */
0.5                         /* lightextcoeff, light extinction coeffcient in Lambert-Beer equation */
0.3111                      /* new phenology: slope of cold-temperature limiting function */
4.979                       /* new phenology: inflection point of cold-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.01011                     /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day cold-temperature limiting fct */
0.24                        /* new phenology: slope of warm-temperature limiting function tmax_sl */
32.04                       /* new phenology: inflection point of warm-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day warm-temperature limiting fct */
23                          /* new phenology: slope of light limiting function */
75.94                       /* new phenology: inflection point of light limiting function (Wm-2) */
0.22                        /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day light limiting function */
0.5222                      /* new phenology: slope of water limiting function */
53.07                       /* new phenology: inflection point of water limiting function (% water availability)  */
0.01001                     /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day water limiting function */
MORT_MAX                       /* asymptotic maximum mortality rate (1/year) */
CROPGREEN                   /* phenology */
C3                          /* pathway */
5.0 45.0                    /* lower and upper temperature limit for co2 (deg C) 24 27*/
28 32                       /* lower and upper limit of temperature optimum for photosynthesis(deg C) 25 26*/
-1000 1000                  /* lower and upper coldest monthly mean temperature(deg C) 28 29 */
0.40428                     /* shape factor for soil organic matter vertical distribution*/
ALPHA_FUELP_TROP            /* scaling factor fire danger index */
2.0                         /* fuel bulk density (pb) */
1568.0 106.0 4.80 5.70 17.60 3.240 /* emission factors */
0                           /* minimum annual precipitation to establish */
FLAM_GRASS                  /* flam */
K_LITTER10
K_LITTER10
1
0.6                         /* windspeed dampening */
0.03                        /* roughness length */
PREC_CALC_SDATE             /* calc_sdate: method to calculate the sowing date */
140 320                     /* sdatenh,sdatesh: init sowing date for northern and southern hemisphere (julian day) */
240                         /* hlimit: max length of crop cycle  */
30                          /* fallow_days: wait after harvest until next sowing */
1000 13 1000                /* temp_fall, temp_spring, temp_vernalization: thresholds for sowing date f(T)*/
1000 1000                   /* min & max trg: temperature under which vernalization is possible (deg C)*/
0                           /* pvd: number of vernalising days required*/
1.0                         /* psens: sensitivity to the photoperiod effect [0-1](1 means no sensitivity)*/
0                           /* pb: basal photoperiod (h)(pb<ps for longer days plants)*/
24                          /* ps: saturating photoperiod (h) (ps<pb for shorter days plants)*/
0.0 0.0                     /* min & max phu: potential heat units required for plant maturity winter(deg C)*/
1000 1000                   /* min & max phu: potential heat units required for plant maturity summer(deg C)*/
9999                        /* phu parameter for determining the variability of phu */
10.0 10.0                   /* min & max basetemp: base temperature */
0.15                        /* fphuc: fraction of growing season 1 [0-1]*/
0.05                        /* flaimaxc: fraction of plant maximal LAI 1 [0-1]*/
0.50                        /* fphuk: fraction of growing season 2 [0-1]*/
0.95                        /* flaimaxk: fraction of plant maximal LAI 2 [0-1]*/
0.70                        /* fphusen: fraction of growing period at which LAI starts decreasing [0-1]*/
0.00                        /* flaimaxharvest: fraction of plant maximal LAI still present at harvest [0-1]*/
5.0                         /* laimax: plant maximal LAI (m2leaf/m2)*/
5.0                         /* laimin: plant maximal LAI (m2leaf/m2) in 1950*/
0.4                         /* hiopt: optimum harvest index HI reached at harvest*/
0.1                         /* himin: minimum harvest index HI reached at harvest*/
0.5                         /* shapesenescencenorm */
CTON_ROOT CTON_SO CTON_POOL /* C:N mass ratio for root, storage organ, and pool */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* 10. cft */
OIL_CROPS_GROUNDNUT
"oil crops groundnut"
CROP
ANNUAL_CROP                 /* cultivation_type */
60 72 80 84                 /* curve number */
0.9690                      /* beta_root 1 */
0.3                         /* minwscal 3*/
0.5                         /* gmin 4*/
1.0                         /* respcoeff 5*/
100                         /* nmax 7*/
0.5                         /* resist 8*/
0.5                         /* leaf longevity 10*/
1.5                         /* lmro_ratio 18*/
500                         /* ramp 19*/
0.001                       /* lai_sapl 21                       not used, computed internally*/
0.0                         /* gdd5min 30 */
1000                        /* twmax 31                          value of 8. PFT*/
1000                        /* twmax_daily 31*/
14.0                        /* gddbase (deg C) 33 */
-1000                       /* min_temprange 34 */
8.0                         /* emax 35*/
0.01                        /* intc 36*/
1.0                         /* alphaa, fraction of PAR assimilated at ecosystem level, relative to leaf level */
0.18                        /* albedo of green leaves */
0.15                        /* albedo of stems */
0.06                        /* albedo of litter */
0.4                         /* maximum snow coverage in green canopy */
0.5                         /* lightextcoeff, light extinction coeffcient in Lambert-Beer equation */
0.3111                      /* new phenology: slope of cold-temperature limiting function */
4.979                       /* new phenology: inflection point of cold-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.01011                     /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day cold-temperature limiting fct */
0.24                        /* new phenology: slope of warm-temperature limiting function tmax_sl */
32.04                       /* new phenology: inflection point of warm-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day warm-temperature limiting fct */
23                          /* new phenology: slope of light limiting function */
75.94                       /* new phenology: inflection point of light limiting function (Wm-2) */
0.22                        /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day light limiting function */
0.5222                      /* new phenology: slope of water limiting function */
53.07                       /* new phenology: inflection point of water limiting function (% water availability)  */
0.01001                     /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day water limiting function */
MORT_MAX                       /* asymptotic maximum mortality rate (1/year) */
CROPGREEN                   /* phenology */
C3                          /* pathway */
6.0 55.0                    /* lower and upper temperature limit for co2 (deg C) 24 27*/
20 45                       /* lower and upper limit of temperature optimum for photosynthesis(deg C) 25 26*/
-1000 1000                  /* lower and upper coldest monthly mean temperature(deg C) 28 29 */
0.40428                     /* shape factor for soil organic matter vertical distribution*/
ALPHA_FUELP_TROP            /* scaling factor fire danger index */
2.0                         /* fuel bulk density (pb) */
1568.0 106.0 4.80 5.70 17.60 3.240 /* emission factors */
0                           /* minimum annual precipitation to establish */
FLAM_GRASS                  /* flam */
K_LITTER10
K_LITTER10
1
0.6                         /* windspeed dampening */
0.03                        /* roughness length */
PREC_CALC_SDATE             /* calc_sdate: method to calculate the sowing date */
100 280                     /* sdatenh,sdatesh: init sowing date for northern and southern hemisphere (julian day) */
240                         /* hlimit: max length of crop cycle  */
30                          /* fallow_days: wait after harvest until next sowing */
1000 15 1000                /* temp_fall, temp_spring, temp_vernalization: thresholds for sowing date f(T)*/
1000 1000                   /* min & max trg: temperature under which vernalization is possible (deg C)*/
0                           /* pvd: number of vernalising days required*/
1.0                         /* psens: sensitivity to the photoperiod effect [0-1](1 means no sensitivity)*/
0                           /* pb: basal photoperiod (h)(pb<ps for longer days plants)*/
24                          /* ps: saturating photoperiod (h) (ps<pb for shorter days plants)*/
0.0 0.0                     /* min & max phu: potential heat units required for plant maturity winter(deg C)*/
1500 1500                   /* min & max phu: potential heat units required for plant maturity summer(deg C)*/
9999                        /* phu parameter for determining the variability of phu */
14.0 14.0                   /* min & max basetemp: base temperature */
0.15                        /* fphuc: fraction of growing season 1 [0-1]*/
0.01                        /* flaimaxc: fraction of plant maximal LAI 1 [0-1]*/
0.50                        /* fphuk: fraction of growing season 2 [0-1]*/
0.95                        /* flaimaxk: fraction of plant maximal LAI 2 [0-1]*/
0.75                        /* fphusen: fraction of growing period at which LAI starts decreasing [0-1]*/
0.00                        /* flaimaxharvest: fraction of plant maximal LAI still present at harvest [0-1]*/
5.0                         /* laimax: plant maximal LAI (m2leaf/m2)*/
5.0                         /* laimin: plant maximal LAI (m2leaf/m2) in 1950*/
0.40                        /* hiopt: optimum harvest index HI reached at harvest*/
0.30                        /* himin: minimum harvest index HI reached at harvest*/
0.5                         /* shapesenescencenorm */
CTON_ROOT CTON_SO CTON_POOL /* C:N mass ratio for root, storage organ, and pool */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* 11. cft */
OIL_CROPS_RAPESEED
"oil crops rapeseed"
CROP
ANNUAL_CROP                 /* cultivation_type */
60 72 80 84                 /* curve number */
0.9690                      /* beta_root 1 */
0.3                         /* minwscal 3*/
0.5                         /* gmin 4*/
1.0                         /* respcoeff 5*/
100                         /* nmax 7                            value of 8. PFT*/
0.5                         /* resist 8*/
0.41                        /* leaf longevity 10*/
1.5                         /* lmro_ratio 18*/
500                         /* ramp 19*/
0.001                       /* lai_sapl 21                       not used, computed internally*/
0.0                         /* gdd5min 30 */
1000                        /* twmax 31                          value of 8. PFT*/
1000                        /* twmax_daily 31*/
0.0                         /* gddbase (deg C) 33 */
-1000                       /* min_temprange 34 */
8.0                         /* emax 35*/
0.01                        /* intc 36*/
1.0                         /* alphaa, fraction of PAR assimilated at ecosystem level, relative to leaf level */
0.18                        /* albedo of green leaves */
0.15                        /* albedo of stems */
0.06                        /* albedo of litter */
0.4                         /* maximum snow coverage in green canopy */
0.5                         /* lightextcoeff, light extinction coeffcient in Lambert-Beer equation */
0.3111                      /* new phenology: slope of cold-temperature limiting function */
4.979                       /* new phenology: inflection point of cold-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.01011                     /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day cold-temperature limiting fct */
0.24                        /* new phenology: slope of warm-temperature limiting function tmax_sl */
32.04                       /* new phenology: inflection point of warm-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day warm-temperature limiting fct */
23                          /* new phenology: slope of light limiting function */
75.94                       /* new phenology: inflection point of light limiting function (Wm-2) */
0.22                        /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day light limiting function */
0.5222                      /* new phenology: slope of water limiting function */
53.07                       /* new phenology: inflection point of water limiting function (% water availability)  */
0.01001                     /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day water limiting function */
MORT_MAX                       /* asymptotic maximum mortality rate (1/year) */
CROPGREEN                   /* phenology */
C3                          /* pathway */
0.0 40.0                    /* lower and upper temperature limit for co2 (deg C) 24 27*/
12 17                       /* lower and upper limit of temperature optimum for photosynthesis(deg C) 25 26*/
-1000 1000                  /* lower and upper coldest monthly mean temperature(deg C) */
0.40428                     /* shape factor for soil organic matter vertical distribution*/
ALPHA_FUELP_TROP            /* scaling factor fire danger index */
2.0                         /* fuel bulk density (pb) */
1568.0 106.0 4.80 5.70 17.60 3.240 /* emission factors */
0                           /* minimum annual precipitation to establish */
FLAM_GRASS                  /* flam */
K_LITTER10
K_LITTER10
1
0.6                         /* windspeed dampening */
0.03                        /* roughness length */
TEMP_WTYP_CALC_SDATE        /* calc_sdate: method to calculate the sowing date */
241 61                      /* sdatenh,sdatesh: init sowing date for northern and southern hemisphere (julian day) */
210                         /* hlimit: max length of crop cycle  */
0                           /* fallow_days: wait after harvest until next sowing */
17 5 12                     /* temp_fall, temp_spring, temp_vernalization: thresholds for sowing date f(T)*/
3 10                        /* min & max trg: temperature under which vernalization is possible (deg C)*/
0                           /* pvd: number of vernalising days required*/
1.0                         /* psens: sensitivity to the photoperiod effect [0-1](1 means no sensitivity)*/
8                           /* pb: basal photoperiod (h)(pb<ps for longer days plants)*/
20                          /* ps: saturating photoperiod (h) (ps<pb for shorter days plants)*/
2100.0 3279.7               /* min & max phu: potential heat units required for plant maturity winter (deg C)*/
1000.0 2648.4               /* min & intercept for computing potential heat units required for plant maturity summer(deg C)*/
9999                        /* phu parameter for determining the variability of phu */
0.0 0.0                     /* min & max basetemp: base temperature */
0.05                        /* fphuc: fraction of growing season 1 [0-1]*/
0.01                        /* flaimaxc: fraction of plant maximal LAI 1 [0-1]*/
0.50                        /* fphuk: fraction of growing season 2 [0-1]*/
0.95                        /* flaimaxk: fraction of plant maximal LAI 2 [0-1]*/
0.85                        /* fphusen: fraction of growing period at which LAI starts decreasing [0-1]*/
0.00                        /* flaimaxharvest: fraction of plant maximal LAI still present at harvest [0-1]*/
7.0                         /* laimax: plant maximal LAI (m2leaf/m2)*/
7.0                         /* laimin: plant maximal LAI (m2leaf/m2) in 1950*/
0.30                        /* hiopt: optimum harvest index HI reached at harvest*/
0.15                        /* himin: minimum harvest index HI reached at harvest*/
2.0                         /* shapesenescencenorm */
CTON_ROOT CTON_SO CTON_POOL /* C:N mass ratio for root, storage organ, and pool */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* 12. cft */
SUGARCANE
"sugarcane"
CROP
ANNUAL_CROP                 /* cultivation_type */
60 72 80 84                 /* curve number */
0.9690                      /* beta_root 1 */
0.3                         /* minwscal 3*/
0.5                         /* gmin 4*/
0.2                         /* respcoeff 5*/
100                         /* nmax 7                            value of 8. PFT*/
0.5                         /* resist 8*/
0.66                        /* leaf longevity 10*/
1.5                         /* lmro_ratio 18*/
500                         /* ramp 19*/
0.001                       /* lai_sapl 21                       not used, computed internally*/
0.0                         /* gdd5min 30 */
1000                        /* twmax 31                          value of 8. PFT*/
1000                        /* twmax_daily 31*/
6.0                         /* gddbase (deg C) 33 */
-1000                       /* min_temprange 34 */
8.0                         /* emax 35*/
0.01                        /* intc 36*/
1.0                         /* alphaa, fraction of PAR assimilated at ecosystem level, relative to leaf level */
0.18                        /* albedo of green leaves */
0.15                        /* albedo of stems */
0.06                        /* albedo of litter */
0.4                         /* maximum snow coverage in green canopy */
0.5                         /* lightextcoeff, light extinction coeffcient in Lambert-Beer equation */
0.91                        /* new phenology: slope of cold-temperature limiting function */
6.418                       /* new phenology: inflection point of cold-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day cold-temperature limiting fct */
1.47                        /* new phenology: slope of warm-temperature limiting function tmax_sl */
29.16                       /* new phenology: inflection point of warm-temperature limiting function (deg C) */
0.2                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day warm-temperature limiting fct */
64.23                       /* new phenology: slope of light limiting function */
69.9                        /* new phenology: inflection point of light limiting function (Wm-2) */
0.4                         /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day light limiting function */
0.1                         /* new phenology: slope of water limiting function */
41.72                       /* new phenology: inflection point of water limiting function (% water availability)  */
0.17                        /* new phenology: change rate of actual to previous day water limiting function */
MORT_MAX                       /* asymptotic maximum mortality rate (1/year) */
CROPGREEN                   /* phenology */
C4                          /* pathway */
8.0 42.0                    /* lower and upper temperature limit for co2 (deg C) 24 27*/
18 30                       /* lower and upper limit of temperature optimum for photosynthesis(deg C) 25 26*/
-1000 1000                  /* lower and upper coldest monthly mean temperature(deg C) 28 29 */
0.40428                     /* shape factor for soil organic matter vertical distribution*/
ALPHA_FUELP_TROP            /* scaling factor fire danger index */
2.0                         /* fuel bulk density (pb) */
1568.0 106.0 4.80 5.70 17.60 3.240 /* emission factors */
0                           /* minimum annual precipitation to establish */
FLAM_GRASS                  /* flam */
K_LITTER10
K_LITTER10
1
0.6                         /* windspeed dampening */
0.03                        /* roughness length */
TEMP_PREC_CALC_SDATE        /* calc_sdate: method to calculate the sowing date*/
120 300                     /* sdatenh,sdatesh: init sowing date for northern and southern hemisphere (julian day) */
360                         /* hlimit: max length of crop cycle  */
0                           /* fallow_days: wait after harvest until next sowing */
1000 14 1000                /* temp_fall, temp_spring, temp_vernalization: thresholds for sowing date f(T)*/
1000 1000                   /* min & max trg: temperature under which vernalization is possible (deg C)*/
0                           /* pvd: number of vernalising days required*/
1.0                         /* psens: sensitivity to the photoperiod effect [0-1](1 means no sensitivity)*/
0                           /* pb: basal photoperiod (h)(pb<ps for longer days plants)*/
24                          /* ps: saturating photoperiod (h) (ps<pb for shorter days plants)*/
0.0 0.0                     /* min & max phu: potential heat units required for plant maturity winter(deg C)*/
2000.0 4000.0               /* min & max phu: potential heat units required for plant maturity summer(deg C)*/
9999                        /* phu parameter for determining the variability of phu */
11.0 15.0                   /* min & max basetemp: base temperature */
0.01                        /* fphuc: fraction of growing season 1 [0-1]*/
0.01                        /* flaimaxc: fraction of plant maximal LAI 1 [0-1]*/
0.40                        /* fphuk: fraction of growing season 2 [0-1]*/
0.95                        /* flaimaxk: fraction of plant maximal LAI 2 [0-1]*/
0.95                        /* fphusen: fraction of growing period at which LAI starts decreasing [0-1]*/
0.50                        /* flaimaxharvest: fraction of plant maximal LAI still present at harvest [0-1]*/
6.0                         /* laimax: plant maximal LAI (m2leaf/m2)*/
2.0                         /* laimin: plant maximal LAI (m2leaf/m2) in 1950*/
0.80                        /* hiopt: optimum harvest index HI reached at harvest*/
0.80                        /* himin: minimum harvest index HI reached at harvest*/
2.0                         /* shapesenescencenorm */
CTON_ROOT CTON_SO CTON_POOL /* C:N mass ratio for root, storage organ, and pool */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

