本数据集面向高寒矿区煤矸石堆场的生态修复与冻土保护需求，针对煤矸石“导热强、持水差”与草甸泥炭土“低导热、高储热、良好透水”的显著对比，旨在通过就地材料与低成本手段重构“隔热＋透水”功能层，使煤矸石介质在隔热透水性能上接近泥炭土。数据生产基于青海木里矿区实采样品，采用室内可控热水耦合实验与一维入渗试验相结合的流程：在自主土柱装置中，设置275 W稳定辐射热源，配备CS650/CS655三参数传感器与HFP01热通量板，于2/7/12 cm多深度高频采集温度、水分、热通量，系统测定导热系数k、容积热容量Cv与热扩散系数α=k/Cv；并以有机玻璃土柱开展恒定水头入渗与湿润锋观测，测算饱和渗透系数与入渗衰减参数。同时对煤矸石进行粒径分级（0.25–0.5、0.5–1、1–2、2–5 mm）及表层覆盖材料优化（椰丝、秸秆、嘉沃、防冲，含单层/多层），对比草甸泥炭土不同等效厚度（1/2/12 cm）作为基准；并在矿区布设8个示范方案，获取野外热学参数、含水率日变化与生态指标（盖度、株高），以熵权法进行多指标综合评价。数据内容涵盖：样品与物性元数据（粒径组成、干容重、孔隙度、饱和含水量、含水状况θ、覆盖类型/层数）、室内热学与入渗原始时序与派生指标（k、CvC、α、温度剖面、热通量、累积入渗/入渗速率、Ks、对数/指数拟合参数）、覆盖效应量化（隔热率、等效泥炭厚度、对渗透的相对变化）、野外监测与生态数据（多深度含水率日变化、反射率、植被盖度与株高）及综合评价结果（标准化值、熵权、综合得分与排序）。该数据集为隔热透水层材料优选、结构设计与工程验证提供可复用的标定依据，可用于热水耦合模型与生态修复方案的参数化与比选。
", "ds_source": "在本数据源中，我们基于青海木里矿区实采的煤矸石与草甸泥炭土，围绕“隔热＋透水”功能层的研发，构建了由室内热—水耦合试验、一维入渗试验与野外示范监测组成的多尺度数据体系：室内采用自主土柱装置，配置 275 W 稳定辐射热源、CS650/CS655 三参数传感器与 HFP01 热通量板，在 2/7/12 cm 深度高频采集温度、体积含水率与热通量，反演导热系数 k、容积热容量 Cv 与热扩散系数 α=k/Cv；并在有机玻璃土柱开展恒定水头入渗与湿润锋跟踪，估算饱和渗透系数 Ks 和入渗衰减参数。测试对象涵盖煤矸石粒径分级（0.25–0.5、0.5–1、1–2、2–5 mm）与覆盖材料优化（椰丝、秸秆、嘉沃、防冲，单层/多层），以不同等效厚度（1/2/12 cm）的泥炭土为对照；同时在矿区布设 8 个示范方案，获取热学参数、土壤含水率日变化与生态指标（植被盖度、株高），并以熵权法开展多指标综合评价。数据内容包括样品与物性元数据、室内热学与入渗原始时序及派生指标（k、Cv、α、温度、热通量、累积入渗/入渗速率、Ks 与拟合参数）、覆盖效应量化（隔热率、等效泥炭厚度、渗透相对变化）、野外监测与生态数据，以及标准化值、熵权、综合得分与排序等评价结果，可为隔热透水层材料优选、结构设计、工程验证及热水耦合模型参数化与方案比选提供可复用依据。
", "ds_process_way": "本研究基于青海木里矿区实采样品的室内热–水耦合与入渗试验数据，围绕导热系数、容积热容量、热扩散系数与饱和渗透系数的获取，构建了涵盖数据预处理、参数反演与模型拟合的完整流程：在自主土柱装置中，以稳定辐射热源驱动，开展一维多深度高频观测试验，同步记录温度、体积含水率与热通量，并在稳态或准稳态时间窗内依据热传导基本原理、结合热通量板观测反演导热系数；容积热容量按照混合物体积加和思想计算，必要时通过瞬态热响应进行校正；热扩散系数可由导热系数与容积热容量换算获得，亦可采用周期热波的振幅衰减与相位滞后方法，利用两深度温度序列进行反演；入渗试验在有机玻璃土柱的恒定水头条件下进行，记录累积入渗与湿润锋，稳定阶段依据达西定律获取饱和渗透系数，并以 Philip 二项式早期解对入渗曲线进行交叉验证；全流程配套时间同步与重采样、信号平滑与异常值剔除、传感器（CS650/CS655、HFP01）校准、稳态窗口识别与不确定度传播，最终按介质、粒径、覆盖与含水状况等维度，给出不同土体在不同体积含水率条件下的热特性指标与透水性能指标。
", "ds_quality": "本项目的数据质量控制贯穿样品准备、室内热–水耦合与入渗试验到数据汇集加工的全流程，明确以“3 次独立重复取均值”为核心精度控制策略，并对热特性指标统一采用“最后 10 分钟稳态/准稳态窗口取平均”的取值规则；具体做法包括：统一采样频率与时间对齐，执行传感器校准（CS650/CS655、HFP01）与功率定标，开展信号平滑与异常值剔除，基于滚动斜率与变异系数识别稳态窗口，按傅里叶定律、混合物体积加和模型与达西定律/入渗模型完成参数反演与拟合，同时报告重复试次的均值、标准差与 95% 置信区间，并在多方法并行时进行一致性核验（如定水头稳态法与 Philip/Green–Ampt 拟合法对 Ks的交叉验证）；最终按介质×粒径×覆盖×含水工况输出热学与渗透指标的代表值与不确定度，配套质量标志与处理日志，确保加工后数据的精度、稳定性与可复现性。
", "ds_acq_start_time": "2023-09-01 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-08-31 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "青海省天峻县木里镇聚乎更区七号矿坑", "ds_acq_lon_east": 99.28333333333333, "ds_acq_lat_south": 37.7, "ds_acq_lon_west": 98.95, "ds_acq_lat_north": 38.019999999999996, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "login-access", "ds_total_size": 4819069, "ds_files_count": 0, "ds_format": "*.xlsx", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "日", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "", "ds_thumbnail": "0f097d64-cfc9-4339-b7e2-ccc3b94f91ba.png", "ds_thumb_from": 2, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": "", "organization_id": "5b99d600-008a-4069-8fc3-7adb9c3f2f8b", "ds_serv_man": "贺康宁", "ds_serv_phone": "13611277426", "ds_serv_mail": "hkn@bjfu.edu.cn", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.4599" ], "quality_level": 0, "publish_time": "2026-07-06 10:04:35", "last_updated": "2026-07-06 10:04:35", "protected": false, "protected_to": "2027-10-01 00:00:00", "lang": "zh", "cstr": "", "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Technical Development Dataset for Insulation and Permeable Layers in Alpine Mining Areas(2023-2025)", "ds_format": "*.xlsx", "ds_source": "In this data source, we constructed a multi-scale data system consisting of indoor thermal water coupling tests, one-dimensional infiltration tests, and field demonstration monitoring based on coal gangue and meadow peat soil extracted from the Muli mining area in Qinghai Province, focusing on the development of the \"insulation+permeability\" functional layer. The system used an autonomous soil column device, equipped with a 275 W stable radiation heat source, CS650/CS655 three parameter sensor, and HFP01 heat flux plate. Temperature, volumetric moisture content, and heat flux were collected at a depth of 2/7/12 cm at high frequency, and the thermal conductivity k, volumetric heat capacity Cv, and thermal diffusion coefficient α=k/Cv were inverted; And constant head infiltration and wetting front tracking were carried out on the organic glass soil column to estimate the saturated permeability coefficient Ks and infiltration attenuation parameters. The test subjects cover coal gangue particle size grading (0.25-0.5, 0.5-1, 1-2, 2-5 mm) and optimization of covering materials (coconut fiber, straw, Jiawo, anti-collision, single-layer/multi-layer), with peat soils of different equivalent thicknesses (1/2/12 cm) as controls; At the same time, 8 demonstration schemes will be set up in the mining area to obtain thermal parameters, daily changes in soil moisture content, and ecological indicators (vegetation coverage, plant height), and a comprehensive evaluation of multiple indicators will be carried out using entropy weight method. The data content includes sample and physical property metadata, indoor thermal and infiltration original time series and derived indicators (k, Cv, α, temperature, heat flux, cumulative infiltration/infiltration rate, Ks and fitting parameters), quantification of coverage effect (insulation rate, equivalent peat thickness, relative change in permeability), field monitoring and ecological data, as well as standardized values, entropy weights, comprehensive scores and ranking evaluation results, which can provide reusable basis for the selection of insulation permeable layer materials, structural design, engineering verification, and parameterization and scheme comparison of hot water coupling models.
", "ds_quality": "The data quality control of this project runs through the entire process from sample preparation, indoor thermal water coupling and infiltration testing to data collection and processing. The core precision control strategy is clearly defined as \"taking the average of 3 independent repetitions\", and the thermal characteristic indicators are uniformly taken as the \"average of the last 10 minutes steady-state/quasi steady state window\" value rule; The specific methods include: aligning the sampling frequency and time uniformly, performing sensor calibration (CS650/CS655, HFP01) and power calibration, carrying out signal smoothing and outlier removal, identifying steady-state windows based on rolling slope and coefficient of variation, completing parameter inversion and fitting according to Fourier's law, mixture volume summation model, and Darcy's law/infiltration model, while reporting the mean, standard deviation, and 95% confidence interval of repeated trials, and conducting consistency verification when multiple methods are parallel (such as cross validation of Ks using constant head steady-state method and Philip/Green Ampt fitting method); Finally, the representative values and uncertainties of thermal and permeability indicators are output according to the working conditions of medium x particle size x coverage x water content, accompanied by quality labels and processing logs to ensure the accuracy, stability, and reproducibility of the processed data.
", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_abstract": "This dataset is designed to meet the ecological restoration and permafrost protection needs of coal gangue storage yards in high-altitude mining areas. It aims to significantly compare the \"strong thermal conductivity and poor water holding capacity\" of coal gangue with the \"low thermal conductivity, high thermal storage, and good permeability\" of meadow peat soil. The goal is to reconstruct the \"thermal insulation+permeability\" functional layer through on-site materials and low-cost methods, so that the thermal insulation and permeability performance of coal gangue media can approach that of peat soil. The data production is based on actual samples collected from the Muli mining area in Qinghai Province, using a combination of indoor controllable hot water coupling experiments and one-dimensional infiltration experiments. In the autonomous soil column device, a 275 W stable radiation heat source is set up, equipped with CS650/CS655 three parameter sensors and HFP01 heat flux plate. Temperature, moisture, and heat flux are collected at high frequencies at depths of 2/7/12 cm. The system measures the thermal conductivity coefficient k, volumetric heat capacity Cv, and thermal diffusion coefficient α=k/Cv; And constant head infiltration and wetting front observation were carried out using organic glass soil columns to calculate the saturated permeability coefficient and infiltration attenuation parameters. Simultaneously classify the particle size of coal gangue (0.25-0.5, 0.5-1, 1-2, 2-5 mm) and optimize the surface covering materials (coconut fiber, straw, Jiawo, anti erosion, including single-layer/multi-layer), and compare different equivalent thicknesses (1/2/12 cm) of meadow peat soil as a benchmark; And set up 8 demonstration schemes in the mining area to obtain field thermal parameters, daily changes in moisture content, and ecological indicators (coverage, plant height), and conduct a comprehensive evaluation of multiple indicators using entropy weight method. The data content covers: metadata of samples and physical properties (particle size composition, dry bulk density, porosity, saturated moisture content, moisture content θ, coverage type/layer), original time series and derived indicators of indoor thermodynamics and infiltration (k, CvC, α, temperature profile, heat flux, cumulative infiltration/infiltration rate) Ks、 Logarithmic/exponential fitting parameters), quantification of coverage effects (thermal insulation rate, equivalent peat thickness, relative changes in permeability), field monitoring and ecological data (daily changes in multi depth moisture content, reflectance, vegetation coverage, and plant height), and comprehensive evaluation results (standardized values, entropy weights, comprehensive scores, and rankings). This dataset provides a reusable calibration basis for the selection of insulation permeable layer materials, structural design, and engineering verification, and can be used for parameterization and comparison of hot water coupling models and ecological restoration schemes.
", "ds_time_res": "", "ds_acq_place": "No. 7 Mine in Juhugeng District, Muli Town, Tianjun County, Qinghai Province", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_projection": "", "ds_process_way": "This study is based on indoor thermal water coupling and infiltration test data of actual samples collected from the Muli mining area in Qinghai Province. A complete process covering data preprocessing, parameter inversion, and model fitting is constructed around the acquisition of thermal conductivity, volumetric heat capacity, thermal diffusion coefficient, and saturated permeability coefficient. In an autonomous soil column device, one-dimensional multi depth high-frequency observation experiments are carried out driven by a stable radiation heat source, and temperature, volumetric moisture content, and heat flux are synchronously recorded. The thermal conductivity is inverted based on the basic principles of thermal conduction and combined with heat flux plate observation within the steady-state or quasi steady state time window; The volumetric heat capacity is calculated based on the idea of adding up the volume of the mixture, and may be corrected by transient thermal response if necessary; The thermal diffusion coefficient can be obtained by converting the thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity, or by using the amplitude attenuation and phase lag method of periodic thermal waves to invert using a two depth temperature sequence; The infiltration test is conducted under constant water head conditions of organic glass soil columns, recording the cumulative infiltration and wetting front. In the stable stage, the saturated permeability coefficient is obtained based on Darcy's law, and the infiltration curve is cross validated using the early solution of Philip binomial; The entire process includes time synchronization and resampling, signal smoothing and outlier removal, sensor calibration (CS650/CS655, HFP01), steady-state window recognition and uncertainty propagation. Finally, thermal and permeability indicators of different soils under different volumetric moisture content conditions are provided based on dimensions such as medium, particle size, coverage, and moisture content.
", "ds_ref_instruction": "" } }, "submit_center_id": "ncdc", "data_level": 0, "recommendation_value": 0, "license_type": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "belong_to_nieer": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "隔热透水", "导热系数", "容积热容量", "热扩散系数", "入渗速率" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "地理学其他学科" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "中国", "木里矿区" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 2023, 2024, 2025 ], "ds_contributors": [ { "true_name": "李川", "email": "lc754645@163.com", "work_for": "北京林业大学", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "马小东", "email": "2759195028@qq.com", "work_for": "北京林业大学", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "邹星晨", "email": "2761755705@qq.com", "work_for": "北京林业大学", "country": "中国" } ], "ds_meta_authors": [ { "true_name": "邹星晨", "email": "2761755705@qq.com", "work_for": "北京林业大学", "country": "中国" } ], "ds_managers": [ { "true_name": "贺康宁", "email": "hkn@bjfu.edu.cn", "work_for": "北京林业大学", "country": "中国" } ], "category": "生态" }