该数据集包含了2014年1月1日至2014年12月31日黑河水文气象观测网下游四道桥超级站气象要素梯度观测系统数据。站点位于内蒙古额济纳旗达来呼布镇四道桥，下垫面是柽柳。观测点的经纬度是101.1374E, 42.0012N，海拔873m。空气温度、相对湿度、风速传感器分别架设在5m、7m、10m、15m、20m、28m处，共6层，朝向正北；风向传感器架设在15m处，朝向正北；气压计安装在防水箱内；翻斗式雨量计安装在28m处；四分量辐射仪安装在10m处，朝向正南；两个红外温度计安装在10m处，朝向正南，探头朝向是垂直向下；两个光合有效辐射仪安装在10m处，朝向正南，探头垂直向上和向下方向各一个；土壤部分传感器安装在塔体南侧2m处，其中土壤热流板（自校正式）（3块）依次埋设在地下6cm处；平均土壤温度传感器TCAV埋设在地下2cm、4cm处；土壤温度探头埋设在地表0cm和地下2cm、4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、80cm、120cm和160cm处；土壤水分传感器分别埋设在地下2cm、4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、80cm、120cm和160cm处。
\n观测项目有：风速（WS_5m、WS_7m、WS_10m、WS_15m、WS_20m、WS_28m）(单位：米/秒)、风向（WD_15m）(单位：度)、空气温湿度（Ta_5m、Ta_7m、Ta_10m、Ta_15m、Ta_20m、Ta_28m和RH_5m、RH_7m、RH_10m、RH_15m、RH_20m、RH_28m）(单位：摄氏度、百分比)、气压（Press）(单位：百帕)、降水量（Rain）(单位：毫米)、四分量辐射（DR、UR、DLR_Cor、ULR_Cor、Rn）(单位：瓦/平方米)、地表辐射温度（IRT_1、IRT_2）(单位：摄氏度)、向上和向下光合有效辐射（PAR_U_up、PAR_U_down）(单位：微摩尔/平方米秒)、平均土壤温度（TCAV）(单位：摄氏度)、土壤热通量（Gs_1、Gs_2、Gs_3）(单位：瓦/平方米)、土壤水分（Ms_2cm、Ms_4cm、Ms_10cm、Ms_20cm、Ms_40cm、Ms_80cm、Ms_120cm、Ms_160cm）(单位：体积含水量，百分比)、土壤温度（Ts_0cm、Ts_2cm、Ts_4cm、Ts_10cm、Ts_20cm、Ts_40cm、Ts_80cm、Ts_120cm、Ts_160cm）(单位：摄氏度)。
\n观测数据的处理与质量控制：（1）确保每天144个数据（每10min），若出现数据的缺失，则由-6999标示；土壤热通量G2在2014.9.18-11.8之间由于传感器的问题，数据缺失；在2014年5月9日重新埋设土壤水分探头，前后数据不连贯；（2）剔除有重复记录的时刻；（3）删除了明显超出物理意义或超出仪器量程的数据；（4）数据中以红字标示的部分为有疑问的数据；（5）日期和时间的格式统一，并且日期、时间在同一列。如，时间为：2014-9-10 10:30；（6）命名规则为：AWS+站点名称。
\n水文气象网或站点信息请参考Li et al. (2013)，观测数据处理请参考Liu et al.(2011)。。
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