该数据集包含了2014年1月1日至2014年12月31日黑河水文气象观测网中游大满超级站气象要素梯度观测系统数据。站点位于甘肃省张掖市大满灌区农田内，下垫面是玉米田。观测点的经纬度是100.3722E, 38.8555N，海拔1556m。风速/风向、空气温度、相对湿度传感器分别架设在3m、5m、10m、15m、20m、30m、40m处，共7层，朝向正北；气压计安装在2m处；翻斗式雨量计安装在塔西侧约8m处，架高2.5m；四分量辐射仪安装在12m处，朝向正南；两个红外温度计安装在12m处，朝向正南，探头朝向是垂直向下；土壤热流板（自校正式）（3块）依次埋设在地下6cm处，朝向正南距离塔体2m处，其中两块（Gs_2、Gs_3）埋设在棵间，一块（Gs_1）埋设在植株下面；平均土壤温度传感器TCAV埋设在地下2cm、4cm处，朝向正南，距离塔体2m处；土壤温度探头埋设在地表0cm和地下2cm、4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、80cm、120cm和160cm处，在距离气象塔2m的正南方；土壤水分传感器分别埋设在地下2cm、4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、80cm、120cm和160cm处，在距离气象塔2m的正南方；光合有效辐射仪安装在12m处，探头朝向是垂直向上；另有四个光合有效辐射仪分别架设在冠层上方和冠层内，冠层上方安装在12m（探头垂直向上和向下方向各一个）、冠层内安装在0.3m（探头垂直向上和向下方向各一个）高处，朝向正南。
\n观测项目有：风速（WS_3m、WS_5m、WS_10m、WS_15m、WS_20m、WS_30m、WS_40m）(单位：米/秒)、风向（WD_3m、WD_5m、WD_10m、WD_15m、WD_20m、WD_30m、WD_40m）(单位：度)、空气温湿度（Ta_3m、Ta_5m、Ta_10m、Ta_15m、Ta_20m、Ta_30m、Ta_40m和RH_3m、RH_5m、RH_10m、RH_15m、RH_20m、RH_30m、RH_40m）(单位：摄氏度、百分比)、气压（Press）(单位：百帕)、降水量（Rain）(单位：毫米)、四分量辐射（DR、UR、DLR_Cor、ULR_Cor、Rn）(单位：瓦/平方米)、地表辐射温度（IRT_1、IRT_2）(单位：摄氏度)、平均土壤温度（TCAV）(单位：摄氏度)、土壤热通量（Gs_1、Gs_2、Gs_3）(单位：瓦/平方米)、土壤水分（Ms_2cm、Ms_4cm、Ms_10cm、Ms_20cm、Ms_40cm、Ms_80cm、Ms_120cm、Ms_160cm）(单位：百分比)、土壤温度（Ts_0cm、Ts_2cm、Ts_4cm、Ts_10cm、Ts_20cm、Ts_40cm、Ts_80cm、Ts_120cm、Ts_160cm）(单位：摄氏度) 、光合有效辐射（PAR）(单位：微摩尔/平方米秒)、冠层上向上与向下光合有效辐射（PAR_U_up、PAR_U_down）(单位：微摩尔/平方米秒)和冠层下向上与向下光合有效辐射（PAR_D_up、PAR_D_down）(单位：微摩尔/平方米秒)。
\n观测数据的处理与质量控制：（1）确保每天144个数据（每10min），若出现数据的缺失，则由-6999标示；非土壤部分数据（风速、风向、空气温湿度、气压、降水量、四分量辐射、地表辐射温度、光合有效辐射）由于数据采集器的原因，在2014.6.20-6.27之间数据缺失；3m风速和风向在2014.1.17-1.21和2014.2.10-3.2之间由于传感器的问题，数据缺失；5m风速和风向在2014.2.10-3.2之间由于传感器的问题，数据缺失；土壤温度在2014.6.10-6.12之间由于数据采集器的问题，数据缺失；（2）剔除有重复记录的时刻；（3）删除了明显超出物理意义或超出仪器量程的数据；（4）数据中以红字标示的部分为有疑问的数据；（5）日期和时间的格式统一，并且日期、时间在同一列。如，时间为：2014-6-10 10:30；（6）命名规则为：AWS+站点名称。
\n水文气象网或站点信息请参考Liu et al. (2018)，观测数据处理请参考Liu et al.(2011)。。
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