该数据集包含了2025年1月1日至2025年12月31日黑河流域地表过程综合观测网中游花寨子荒漠站气象要素观测数据。站点位于甘肃省张掖市花寨子，下垫面是盐爪爪山前荒漠。观测点的经纬度是100.3201E, 38.7659N，海拔1731m。空气温度、相对湿度传感器架设在5m、10m处，朝向正北；气压计安装防水箱内；翻斗式雨量计安装在10m处；风速风向传感器架设在5m、10m处，朝向正北；四分量辐射仪安装在6m处，朝向正南；两个红外温度计安装在6m处，朝向正南，探头朝向是垂直向下；土壤温度探头埋设在地表0cm和地下2cm、4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、60cm和100cm处，在距离气象塔2m的正南方；土壤水分传感器分别埋设在地下2cm、4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、60cm和100cm处，在距离气象塔2m的正南方；土壤热流板（3块）依次埋设在地下6cm处。\n
观测项目有：空气温湿度（Ta_5m、RH_5m、Ta_10m、RH_10m）(单位：摄氏度、百分比)、气压（Press）(单位：百帕)、降水量（Rain）(单位：毫米)、风速（WS_5m、WS_10m）(单位：米/秒)、风向（WD_5m、WD_10m）(单位：度)、四分量辐射（DR、UR、DLR_Cor、ULR_Cor、Rn）(单位：瓦/平方米)、地表辐射温度（IRT_1、IRT_2）(单位：摄氏度)、土壤热通量（Gs_1、Gs_2、Gs_3）(单位：瓦/平方米)、土壤水分（Ms_2cm、Ms_4cm、Ms_10cm、Ms_20cm、Ms_40cm、Ms_60cm、Ms_100cm）(单位：体积含水量，百分比)和土壤温度（Ts_0cm、Ts_2cm、Ts_4cm、Ts_10cm、Ts_20cm、Ts_40cm、Ts_60cm、Ts_100cm）（单位：摄氏度）。\n
观测数据的处理与质量控制：（1）确保每天144个数据（每10min），若出现数据的缺失，则由-9999标示；（2）剔除有重复记录的时刻；（3）删除了明显超出物理意义或超出仪器量程的数据；（4）数据中以红字标示的部分为有疑问的数据；（5）日期和时间的格式统一，并且日期、时间在同一列。如，时间为：2025-6-10 10:30；（6）命名规则为：AWS+站点名称\n
黑河综合观测网或站点信息请参考Liu et al. (2018)和Liu et al. (2023)。", "ds_source": "
黑河流域地表过程综合观测网中游花寨子荒漠站
", "ds_process_way": "", "ds_quality": "", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-01-01 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-12-31 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "黑河流域地表过程综合观测网中游花寨子荒漠站", "ds_acq_lon_east": 100.31861111111111, "ds_acq_lat_south": 38.765277777777776, "ds_acq_lon_west": 100.31861111111111, "ds_acq_lat_north": 38.765277777777776, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "apply-access", "ds_total_size": 13027302, "ds_files_count": 0, "ds_format": "*.xlsx", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "10 min", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "", "ds_thumbnail": "1c192502-d584-42a6-8013-68ac3caaf4c8.jpg", "ds_thumb_from": 2, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": "", "organization_id": "7314e349-6d56-45d3-93c1-5068a74cdfde", "ds_serv_man": "", "ds_serv_phone": "", "ds_serv_mail": "", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.15", "170.45", "170.55" ], "quality_level": 0, "publish_time": "2026-07-07 20:16:49", "last_updated": "2026-07-07 20:16:49", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "11738.11.ncdc.heihe.db7626.2026", "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Dataset of Heihe integrated observatory network (automatic weather station of Huazhaizi desert steppe station, 2025)", "ds_format": "*.xlsx", "ds_source": "Huazhaizi desert steppe station in the midstream of the Heihe integrated observatory network", "ds_quality": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_abstract": "This dataset includes data recorded by the Heihe integrated observatory network obtained from the automatic weather station (AWS) at the observation system of Meteorological elements gradient of Huazhaizi desert steppe station from January 1 to December 31, 2025. The site (100.3201°E, 38.7659°N) was located on a desert steppe surface in the Huazhaizi, which is near Zhangye city, Gansu Province. The elevation is 1731 m. The installation heights and orientations of different sensors and measured quantities were as follows: air temperature and humidity profile (HMP45AC; 5 and 10 m, north), wind speed and direction profile (windsonic; 5 and 10 m, north), air pressure (CS100; 2 m), rain gauge (TE525M; 10 m), four-component radiometer (CNR1; 6 m, south), two infrared temperature sensors (SI-111; 6 m, south, vertically downward), soil heat flux (HFP01; 3 duplicates, -0.06 m), soil temperature profile (109ss-L; 0, -0.02, -0.04, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -1.0 m), soil moisture profile (ML3; -0.02, -0.04, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -1.0 m).\r\n
The observations included the following: air temperature and humidity (Ta_5 m and Ta_10 m; RH_5 m and RH_10 m) (℃ and %, respectively), wind speed (Ws_5 m and Ws_10 m) (m/s), wind direction (WD_5 m and WD_10 m) (°), air pressure (press) (hpa), precipitation (rain) (mm), four-component radiation (DR, incoming shortwave radiation; UR, outgoing shortwave radiation; DLR_Cor, incoming longwave radiation; ULR_Cor, outgoing longwave radiation; Rn, net radiation) (W/m^2), infrared temperature (IRT_1 and IRT_2) (℃), soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2, and Gs_3) (W/m^2), soil temperature (Ts_0 cm, Ts_2 cm, Ts_4 cm, Ts_10 cm, Ts_20 cm, Ts_40 cm, Ts_60 cm, Ts_100 cm) (℃), soil moisture (Ms_2 cm, Ms_4 cm, Ms_10 cm, Ms_20 cm, Ms_40 cm, Ms_60 cm, Ms_100 cm) (%).\r\n
The data processing and quality control steps were as follows: (1) The AWS data were averaged over intervals of 10 min for a total of 144 records per day. The missing data were denoted by -9999. (2) Data in duplicate records were rejected. (3) Unphysical data were rejected. (4) The data marked in red are problematic data. (5) The format of the date and time was unified, and the date and time were collected in the same column, for example, date and time: 2025-6-10 10:30. (6) Finally, the naming convention was AWS+ site no. Moreover, suspicious data were marked in red.\r\n
For more information, please refer to Liu et al. (2018) (for sites information) and Liu et al. (2023).", "ds_time_res": "", "ds_acq_place": "Huazhaizi desert steppe station in the midstream of the Heihe integrated observatory network", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_projection": "", "ds_process_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "" } }, "submit_center_id": "ncdc", "data_level": 0, "recommendation_value": 0, "license_type": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "belong_to_nieer": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "黑河流域地表过程综合观测网", "自动气象站", "气象要素", "荒漠" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "大气科学", "地理学", "水文学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "黑河流域", "中游人工绿洲试验区" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 2025 ], "ds_contributors": [ { "true_name": "刘绍民", "email": "smliu@bnu.edu.cn", "work_for": "北京师范大学", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "徐自为", "email": "xuzw@bnu.edu.cn", "work_for": "北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "车涛", "email": "chetao@lzb.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "谭俊磊", "email": "tanjunlei@163.com", "work_for": "中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "任志国", "email": "rzgehu@lzb.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "张阳", "email": "zhangyang@lzb.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院", "country": "中国" } ], "ds_meta_authors": [ { "true_name": "刘绍民", "email": "smliu@bnu.edu.cn", "work_for": "北京师范大学", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "徐自为", "email": "xuzw@bnu.edu.cn", "work_for": "北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "车涛", "email": "chetao@lzb.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "谭俊磊", "email": "tanjunlei@163.com", "work_for": "中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "任志国", "email": "rzgehu@lzb.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "张阳", "email": "zhangyang@lzb.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院", "country": "中国" } ], "ds_managers": [ { "true_name": "徐自为", "email": "xuzw@bnu.edu.cn", "work_for": "北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院", "country": "中国" } ], "category": "其他" }