该数据集包含了2018年1月1日至2018年12月31日黑河流域地表过程综合观测网下游荒漠站气象要素观测数据。站点位于内蒙古额济纳旗荒漠滩，下垫面是红砂荒漠。观测点的经纬度是100.9872°E, 42.1135°N，海拔1054m。空气温度、相对湿度传感器架设在5m、10m处，朝向正北；气压计安装防水箱内；翻斗式雨量计安装在10m处；风速传感器架设在5m、10m处，风向传感器架设在10m处，朝向正北；四分量辐射仪安装在6m处，朝向正南；两个红外温度计安装在6m处，朝向正南，探头朝向是垂直向下；土壤温度探头埋设在地表0cm和地下2cm、4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、60cm和100cm处，在距离气象塔2m的正南方；土壤水分传感器分别埋设在地下2cm、4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、60cm和100cm处，在距离气象塔2m的正南方；土壤热流板（3块）依次埋设在地下6cm处。
\n观测项目有：空气温湿度（Ta_5m、RH_5m、Ta_10m、RH_10m）(单位：摄氏度、百分比)、气压（Press）(单位：百帕)、降水量（Rain）(单位：毫米)、风速（WS_5m、WS_10m）(单位：米/秒)、风向（WD_10m）(单位：度)、四分量辐射（DR、UR、DLR_Cor、ULR_Cor、Rn）(单位：瓦/平方米)、地表辐射温度（IRT_1、IRT_2）(单位：摄氏度)、土壤热通量（Gs_1、Gs_2、Gs_3）(单位：瓦/平方米)、土壤水分（Ms_2cm、Ms_4cm、Ms_10cm、Ms_20cm、Ms_40cm、Ms_60cm、Ms_100cm）(单位：体积含水量，百分比)和土壤温度（Ts_0cm、Ts_2cm、Ts_4cm、Ts_10cm、Ts_20cm、Ts_40cm、Ts_60cm、Ts_100cm）（单位：摄氏度）。
\n观测数据的处理与质量控制：（1）确保每天144个数据（每10min），若出现数据的缺失，则由-6999标示；（2）剔除有重复记录的时刻；（3）删除了明显超出物理意义或超出仪器量程的数据；（4）数据中以红字标示的部分为有疑问的数据；（5）日期和时间的格式统一，并且日期、时间在同一列。如，时间为：2018-6-10 10:30；（6）命名规则为：AWS+站点名称
\n黑河综合观测网或站点信息请参考Liu et al. (2018)，观测数据处理请参考Liu et al. (2011)。
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