加剧的气候变暖和亚洲高山（HMA）的构造活跃景观导致发生了60次有据可查的大型岩石和/或冰崩（RIA），造成至少1366人死亡，并对生态系统、水资源、基础设施和社会稳定产生了广泛的负面影响。在这项研究中，我们使用详细的地形、气候、冰川、永久冻土和地质技术数据以及中高分辨率卫星图像分析了HMA的历史RIA，以确定23个潜在的驱动因素。地震活动、永久冻土融化、岩石和降水变化被认为是RIA的重要驱动因素，而溪流流量、溪流顺序、冰川面积、冰川坡、冰川长度、高度差和实际长度被认为是其级联过程的重要驱动因素。我们的分析显示，RIA大多（86%）发生在海拔3000 m以上的陡坡（> 30°）上，斜坡普遍面向东北。几乎一半的RIA会产生级联过程，平均而言，这些过程会传播得更远，并导致死亡人数比单一事件增加十倍。级联过程更有可能发生在较小（冰川面积< 3平方公里）、倾斜更陡（冰川倾斜> 30°）的悬挂冰川。碎片量、水量和地形是级联过程的三个主要驱动因素。中等规模的源卷（106 m3 ~ 108 m3）最容易转化为级联流程。统计分析表明，当事件发生在高流量河流系统附近时，RIA转变为级联过程的可能性显着增加，从而放大了潜在的灾难。这些发现提供了有关RIA危险及其在HMA中级联过程的基线信息，促进了改进危险建模和风险评估。", "ds_source": "", "ds_process_way": "", "ds_quality": "", "ds_acq_start_time": null, "ds_acq_end_time": null, "ds_acq_place": "亚洲高山", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "login-access", "ds_total_size": 50079, "ds_files_count": 0, "ds_format": "*.xlsx", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "", "ds_thumbnail": "421c5d0c-c268-4c3f-a208-c33197051c23.png", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "None", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "52b7b79b-860c-49a5-9083-9a70cf8bed5a", "ds_serv_man": null, "ds_serv_phone": null, "ds_serv_mail": null, "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170" ], "quality_level": 0, "publish_time": "2026-09-15 14:59:37", "last_updated": "2026-09-15 14:59:37", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "11738.11.ncdc.db7803.2026", "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Supplementary data to: Unravelling driving conditions of rock and ice avalanches and resulting cascading processes in High Mountain Asia", "ds_format": "*.xlsx", "ds_source": "", "ds_quality": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_abstract": "
Amplified climate warming and the tectonically active landscape in High Mountain Asia (HMA) have led to the occurrence of 60 well-documented large rock and/or ice avalanches (RIAs), resulting in at least 1366 fatalities and extensive negative impacts on ecosystems, water resources, infrastructure, and social stability. In this study, we analyzed historical RIAs in HMA using detailed topographic, climatic, glacier, permafrost, and geotechnical data, along with medium- and high-resolution satellite imagery, to identify 23 potential driving factors. Seismic activity, permafrost thaw, lithology, and changes in precipitation were identified as important driving factors for RIAs, while stream flow, stream order, glacier area, glacier slope, glacier length, height differences, and real length were identified as important driving factors for their cascading processes. Our analysis revealed that RIAs have mostly (86%) occurred on steep slopes (> 30°) at altitudes above 3000 m asl, with a prevalence of slopes facing northeast. Almost half of the RIAs produce cascading processes, which on average travel further and lead to a tenfold increase in fatalities compared to single events. Cascading processes are more likely to occur from smaller (glacier area < 3 km2), steeper-sloped (glacier slope > 30°) hanging glaciers. Debris volume, water volume, and topography are three main drivers of cascading processes. Medium-sized source volumes (106 m3 ~ 108 m3) are most susceptible to transform into cascading processes. Statistical analysis indicates that the probability of a RIA transforming into a cascading process significantly increases when the event occurs near high-flow river systems, amplifying potential disasters. These findings offer baseline information on RIA hazards and their cascading processes in HMA, facilitating improved hazard modelling and risk assessment.", "ds_time_res": "", "ds_acq_place": "High Mountains of Asia", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_projection": "", "ds_process_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "" } }, "submit_center_id": "ncdc", "data_level": 0, "recommendation_value": 0, "license_type": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "belong_to_nieer": false, "allow_update_data": false, "created_from": "uc", "ds_topic_tags": [ "冰岩崩", "级联过程", "物质运动", "青藏高原" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "地球科学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "亚洲高山" ], "ds_time_tags": [], "ds_contributors": [ { "true_name": "钟妍", "email": "yan.zhong@unige.ch", "work_for": "瑞士日内瓦大学", "country": "中国" } ], "ds_meta_authors": [ { "true_name": "钟妍", "email": "yan.zhong@unige.ch", "work_for": "瑞士日内瓦大学", "country": "中国" } ], "ds_managers": [ { "true_name": "钟妍", "email": "yan.zhong@unige.ch", "work_for": "瑞士日内瓦大学", "country": "中国" } ], "category": "灾害" }