塔吉克斯坦位于中亚高山区，是多条跨境河流的重要源区，季节性积雪对融雪径流补给、农业灌溉、水力发电和区域水资源安全具有关键作用，但该区域长期雪旱监测仍受地面观测稀疏、连续数据产品不足及类型化信息缺乏等限制。本文基于ERA5-Land小时尺度资料，构建了塔吉克斯坦1950-2023年雪旱发生频率及类型化派生格网数据集。数据集采用0.1°×0.1°规则经纬度格网，以水文年为年度统计单元，系统完成源数据整理、日尺度聚合、季节性积雪有效区域识别、水文年中间量计算、气候参考场构建、总雪旱事件判识及类型化派生等处理流程，形成覆盖1950-2023年共74个水文年的雪旱事件与发生频率产品。数据集以水文年最大雪水当量低于基准期参考值作为总雪旱判定依据，并进一步结合累计总降水量和降雪比例相对于参考状态的变化，划分暖雪旱、干雪旱和暖干复合型雪旱三类成因亚型；同时提供逐年区域雪旱发生频率、长期格网雪旱发生频率、气候参考场、最大雪水当量中间产品及研究区边界文件。数据质量控制结果表明，主要格网产品维度一致、时间序列完整，复算产品与发布事件格网在逐年、逐格点尺度上完全一致；基于5个水文站的径流过程对比显示，雪旱年份在多个站点呈现冷季径流增加、暖季径流减少的季节性响应，为数据集水文一致性提供了间接验证。本数据集弥补了塔吉克斯坦及中亚高山区长期、标准化雪旱格网数据资源不足的问题，可为雪旱时空格局识别、类型化风险评估、融雪径流影响分析及跨境水资源风险管理提供基础数据支撑。", "ds_source": "", "ds_process_way": "", "ds_quality": "", "ds_acq_start_time": "1950-01-01 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2023-12-31 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "塔吉克斯坦", "ds_acq_lon_east": 75.21666666666667, "ds_acq_lat_south": 36.63333333333333, "ds_acq_lon_west": 67.5, "ds_acq_lat_north": 41.06666666666667, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "open-access", "ds_total_size": 1665830754, "ds_files_count": 0, "ds_format": "*.nc", "ds_space_res": "0.1°×0.1°（约9 km）", "ds_time_res": "日", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "", "ds_thumbnail": "463b4841-4814-4659-a1c4-6e2305c0b6a0.png", "ds_thumb_from": 2, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "None", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "952adb3f-3ede-4a94-942a-7de772f1bfc5", "ds_serv_man": null, "ds_serv_phone": null, "ds_serv_mail": null, "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170" ], "quality_level": 0, "publish_time": "2026-09-01 10:01:55", "last_updated": "2026-09-01 10:19:37", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "11738.11.ncdc.db7760.2026", "i18n": { "en": { "title": "A dataset of snow drought occurrence frequency and typed derivatives in Tajikistan from 1950 to 2023", "ds_format": "*.nc", "ds_source": "", "ds_quality": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_abstract": "
Tajikistan is located in High Mountain Central Asia and serves as an important source region for several transboundary rivers. Seasonal snow plays a critical role in sustaining snowmelt runoff, agricultural irrigation, hydropower generation and regional water-resource security. However, long-term snow drought monitoring in this region has been constrained by sparse in situ observations, insufficient continuous data products and limited type-specific information. Based on hourly ERA5-Land data, this study developed a gridded dataset of snow drought occurrence frequency and type-specific derived products for Tajikistan from 1950 to 2023. The dataset uses a regular 0.1° × 0.1° latitude longitude grid and adopts the hydrological year as the annual statistical unit. The processing chain includes source data organization, daily aggregation, identification of valid seasonal snow covered areas, calculation of hydrological year intermediate variables, construction of 1950 1979 climatological reference fields, identification of total snow drought events and derivation of snow drought types, producing snow drought event and occurrence frequency products for 74 hydrological years from 1950 to 2023. Total snow drought is identified where the hydrological-year maximum snow water equivalent is lower than the corresponding reference-period value. Based on changes in accumulated total precipitation and snowfall fraction relative to the reference state, total snow drought events are further classified into warm, dry and warm-dry compound snow droughts. The released dataset also includes annual regional occurrence frequency, long-term gridded occurrence frequency, climatological reference fields, intermediate maximum snow water equivalent products and study-area boundary files. Data quality control shows that the main gridded products have consistent dimensions and complete temporal coverage, and independently reconstructed products are fully consistent with the released event grids at both annual and grid-cell scales. Runoff comparisons from five hydrological stations indicate seasonal responses during snow drought years at several stations, including increased cold-season runoff and reduced warm-season runoff, providing indirect evidence of hydrological consistency. This dataset fills an important gap in long-term standardized snow drought gridded products for Tajikistan and High Mountain Central Asia, and can support snow drought pattern analysis, type-specific risk assessment, snowmelt-runoff impact studies and transboundary water-resource risk management.", "ds_time_res": "day", "ds_acq_place": "Tajikistan", "ds_space_res": "0.1°×0.1° (approximately 9 km)", "ds_projection": "", "ds_process_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "" } }, "submit_center_id": "ncdc", "data_level": 0, "recommendation_value": 0, "license_type": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "doi_reg_from": "reg_outside", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "belong_to_nieer": false, "allow_update_data": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "塔吉克斯坦", "雪旱", "ERA5-Land", "水文响应" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "地球科学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "塔吉克斯坦" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 ], "ds_contributors": [ { "true_name": "李玉朋", "email": "liyupeng@ms.xjb.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "王保得", "email": "bdwang@ms.xjb.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "刘景琦", "email": "liujingqi@nieer.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院", "country": "中国" } ], "ds_meta_authors": [ { "true_name": "刘景琦", "email": "liujingqi@nieer.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院", "country": "中国" } ], "ds_managers": [ { "true_name": "李红星", "email": "lihongxing@lzb.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院", "country": "中国" } ], "category": "积雪" }