水文过程和地貌过程在地球系统中有着错综复杂的联系，共同描述了不同时空尺度上的陆地水文行为和生物地球化学循环。青藏高原为研究水文过程和地貌过程在基本原始的自然环境中的相互作用提供了理想的环境。然而，由于具有挑战性的物理条件和数据限制，这些相互作用在很大程度上仍不为人所知。本研究首次推出了水文地貌数据集，涵盖了该地区的 18,440 个流域。数据集包括 18 个水文地质指标，特别是每个流域的宽度函数和基于宽度函数的瞬时单位水文图（WFIUH）。我们发现，WFIUH 的峰值流量与坡度和曲率呈正相关，但与流域面积、周长、长度和圆度呈负相关。峰值时间与水文地质指标的关系与峰值流量相似，但方向相反。集水浓缩时间与集水面积呈正相关，但与集水坡度呈强负相关。得出的 WFIUH 的有效性已通过将其成功集成到模拟山洪事件的每小时水文模型中得到证实。WFIUH 的不确定性可归因于 DEM 的分辨率和计算流速的方法。
", "ds_source": "开发的水文形态数据集涵盖了青藏高原的 18440 个流域。集水区的边界是根据 HydroBASINS 数据集确定的，其中考虑了12级集水区。在推导流域宽度函数时，使用了 HydroSHEDS 的流向栅格图. 本研究还使用了龚鹏等（2019）发布的土地覆被数据产品 FROM-GLC（Finer Resolution Observation and Monitoring-Global Land Cover）来估算计算流速时的曼宁系数。土地覆被数据的空间分辨率为 10 米。为了与流向图保持一致，采用双线性方法对其进行了重采样。为保证水文模型的有效性，从中国水文年报中获取了 4 个水文站的每小时降雨量和流量数据。
", "ds_process_way": "基于WFIUH提取框架，从青藏高原水文地理信息系统（HydroBASINS）数据集中提取了18440个流域的水文地貌单元水文图数据集，描述了这些流域的降雨和径流响应关系。此外，该数据集还包括与18440个HydroBASINS集水区的基本形状和地貌特征有关的18个属性。
", "ds_quality": "数据质量良好。
", "ds_acq_start_time": "2023-05-24 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2023-05-24 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "青藏高原", "ds_acq_lon_east": 105.0, "ds_acq_lat_south": 26.0, "ds_acq_lon_west": 73.0, "ds_acq_lat_north": 40.0, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "open-access", "ds_total_size": 962961404, "ds_files_count": 2, "ds_format": "tif", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "", "ds_thumbnail": "4af5f9c2-579b-4045-95ba-a1a3eebd440c.png", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "0a4269e1-65f4-45f1-aeba-88ea3068eebf", "ds_serv_man": "敏玉芳", "ds_serv_phone": "0931-4967596", "ds_serv_mail": "ncdc@lzb.ac.cn", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.45" ], "quality_level": 3, "publish_time": "2024-03-26 14:00:46", "last_updated": "2026-05-14 17:35:33", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "11738.11.NCDC.ZENODO.DB6455.2024", "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Hydrological and Geomorphic Unit Hydrological Map Dataset of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau Basin", "ds_format": "tif", "ds_source": "The developed hydrological morphology dataset covers 18440 watersheds in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The boundaries of the catchment area are determined based on the HydroBASINS dataset, which considers 12 levels of catchment areas. When deriving the watershed width function, HydroSHEDS' flow grid diagram was used This study also used the land cover data product FROM-GLC (Finer Resolution Observation and Monitoring Global Land Cover) published by Gong Peng et al. (2019) to estimate the Manning coefficient when calculating flow velocity. The spatial resolution of land cover data is 10 meters. In order to maintain consistency with the flow chart, the bilinear method was used for resampling. To ensure the effectiveness of the hydrological model, hourly rainfall and flow data from four hydrological stations were obtained from the China Hydrological Yearbook.
", "ds_quality": "The data quality is good.
", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_abstract": "Hydrological and geomorphological processes are intricately linked in the Earth system, collectively describing land hydrological behavior and biogeochemical cycles at different temporal and spatial scales. The Qinghai Tibet Plateau provides an ideal environment for studying the interaction between hydrological and geomorphological processes in the basic primitive natural environment. However, due to challenging physical conditions and data limitations, these interactions are still largely unknown. This study presents for the first time a hydrological and geomorphological dataset covering 18440 watersheds in the region. The dataset includes 18 hydrogeological indicators, particularly the width function of each watershed and the instantaneous unit hydrological map (WFIUH) based on the width function. We found that the peak flow of WFIUH is positively correlated with slope and curvature, but negatively correlated with watershed area, perimeter, length, and roundness. The relationship between peak time and hydrogeological indicators is similar to peak flow, but in the opposite direction. The concentration time of water collection is positively correlated with the water collection area, but strongly negatively correlated with the water collection slope. The effectiveness of the obtained WFIUH has been confirmed by successfully integrating it into hourly hydrological models simulating flash flood events. The uncertainty of WFIUH can be attributed to the resolution of DEM and the method of calculating flow velocity.
", "ds_time_res": "", "ds_acq_place": "Qinghai-Tibet Plateau", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_projection": "", "ds_process_way": "Based on the WFIUH extraction framework, a hydrological and geomorphological unit hydrological map dataset of 18440 watersheds was extracted from the HydroBASINS dataset of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, describing the rainfall and runoff response relationships of these watersheds. In addition, the dataset also includes 18 attributes related to the basic shape and geomorphic features of 18440 HydroBASINS catchment areas.
", "ds_ref_instruction": "When using data, please clearly state the source of the data in the main text and cite the citation method provided in this metadata in the reference section." } }, "submit_center_id": "ncdc", "data_level": 0, "recommendation_value": 0, "license_type": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "doi_reg_from": "reg_outside", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_outside", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "青藏高原", "水文地貌数据集", "水文地质指标", "WFIUH" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "地理学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "青藏高原" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 2023 ], "ds_contributors": [ { "true_name": "杨雨亭", "email": "Yuting_Yang@tsinghua.edu.cn", "work_for": "清华大学", "country": "中国" } ], "ds_meta_authors": [ { "true_name": "杨雨亭", "email": "Yuting_Yang@tsinghua.edu.cn", "work_for": "清华大学", "country": "中国" } ], "ds_managers": [ { "true_name": "杨雨亭", "email": "Yuting_Yang@tsinghua.edu.cn", "work_for": "清华大学", "country": "中国" } ], "category": "水文" }