该数据是对中国冰川冻土沙漠图（1：400万）中冻土分布图的数字化，该图中考虑与全球冻土分类系统的统一，将多年冻土分为五类，包括：
\n\n（1）不连续多年冻土：连续系数50%-90%
\n\n（2）岛状多年冻土：连续系数< 50%
\n\n（3）高原不连续多年冻土：连续系数50%-90%
\n\n（4）高原岛状多年冻土：连续系数50%-90%
\n\n（5）山地多年冻土。
\n\n冻土图的编制依据包括：（1）冻土野外调查、勘探实测资料；（2）航空像片和卫星影像判译；（3）TOPO30 1km分辨率的地面高程数据；（4）气温和地面温度资料。其中，青藏高原的冻土分布采用了南卓铜等（2002）的研究结果，利用青藏公路沿线76个钻孔实测年平均地温数据，进行回归统计分析，获取年平均地温与纬度、高程的关系，并基于该关系，结合GTOPO30高程数据（美国地质调查局地球资源观测与科技中心领导下发展的全球1km数字高程模型数据）模拟得到整个青藏高原范围上的年平均地温分布。以年平均地温0.5 ℃作为多年冻土与季节冻土的界限，参考《中国冰雪冻土图》（1：400万）（施雅风 等，1988）划定高原不连续多年冻土与高原岛状多年冻土的界限；另外，参考东北大小兴安岭多年冻土分区图（郭东信 等，1981）、环北极多年冻土和地下冰分布图（Brown et al. 1997）和最新野外实测资料，对东北的多年冻土界线进行了修订；西北高山多年冻土界线多采用了《中国冰雪冻土图》（1：400万）（施雅风 等，1988）中划定的界线。
\n\n根据该数据统计的中国多年冻土区面积约1.75×106km2，约占中国领土的18.25％。其中，高山多年冻土0.29×106km2，约占我国领土面积的3.03％。
\n\n更多信息参考《1：400万中国冰川冻土沙漠图》说明书（中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所，2006）。
", "ds_source": "冻土图的编制依据包括：（1）冻土野外调查、勘探实测资料；（2）航空像片和卫星影像判译；（3）TOPO30 1km分辨率的地面高程数据；（4）气温和地面温度资料。
", "ds_process_way": "青藏高原的冻土分布采用了南卓铜等（2002）的研究结果，利用青藏公路沿线76个钻孔实测年平均地温数据，进行回归统计分析，获取年平均地温与纬度、高程的关系，并基于该关系，结合GTOPO30高程数据（美国地质调查局地球资源观测与科技中心领导下发展的全球1km数字高程模型数据）模拟得到整个青藏高原范围上的年平均地温分布。以年平均地温0.5 ℃作为多年冻土与季节冻土的界限，参考《中国冰雪冻土图》（1：400万）（施雅风 等，1988）划定高原不连续多年冻土与高原岛状多年冻土的界限；另外，参考东北大小兴安岭多年冻土分区图（郭东信 等，1981）、环北极多年冻土和地下冰分布图（Brown et al. 1997）和最新野外实测资料，对东北的多年冻土界线进行了修订；西北高山多年冻土界线多采用了《中国冰雪冻土图》（1：400万）（施雅风 等，1988）中划定的界线。
", "ds_quality": "数据集通过严格的人工审核控制质量。
", "ds_acq_start_time": null, "ds_acq_end_time": null, "ds_acq_place": "中国", "ds_acq_lon_east": 135.5, "ds_acq_lat_south": 17.766666666666666, "ds_acq_lon_west": 73.19972222222222, "ds_acq_lat_north": 53.86638888888889, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "open-access", "ds_total_size": 2025692, "ds_files_count": 3, "ds_format": "矢量", "ds_space_res": "30000.0m", "ds_time_res": "", "ds_coordinate": "WGS84", "ds_projection": "Albers", "ds_thumbnail": "4f3ef456-ef7d-4892-95a5-753ed0705247.png", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "9c4867b1-5cb1-4de0-abeb-df42547bf41e", "ds_serv_man": "李红星", "ds_serv_phone": "0931-4967596", "ds_serv_mail": "ncdc@lzb.ac.cn", "doi_value": "10.12072/ncdc.NIEER.db0120.2021", "subject_codes": [ "170.4510" ], "quality_level": 3, "publish_time": "2021-12-28 09:30:27", "last_updated": "2023-06-12 16:11:12", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "11738.11.ncdc.Westdc.2020.579", "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Distribution map of frozen soil in China based on \"China Glaciation and Frozen Desert Map\"", "ds_format": "Vector", "ds_source": "The compilation basis of permafrost maps includes: (1) field investigation and exploration measurement data of permafrost; (2) Interpretation of aerial photographs and Satellite imagery; (3) TOPO30 ground elevation data with a resolution of 1km; (4) Temperature and ground temperature data", "ds_quality": "
The quality of data set is controlled by strict manual audit
", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_abstract": "These data are a digitization of the frozen soil distribution map of the Map of the Glaciers, Frozen Ground and Deserts in China (1:4,000,000). Considering the unification with the global frozen soil classification system, the permafrost is divided into the following five types:\n
\n(1) Discontinuous permafrost: continuous coefficient 50%-90%
\n(2) Island permafrost: continuous coefficient <50%
\n(3) Plateau discontinuous permafrost: continuous coefficient 50%-90%
\n(4) Plateau island permafrost: continuous coefficient 50%-90%
\n(5) Mountain permafrost
\nThe compilation basis of the frozen soil map includes (1) the measured field survey data and exploration of frozen soil; (2) aerial image and satellite image interpretation; (3) TOPO30 1-km resolution ground elevation data; and (4) and temperature and ground temperature data. The distribution of frozen soil on the Tibetan Plateau adopted the research results of Zhuotong Nan et al. (2002). Using the average annual temperature data of 76 boreholes along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, a statistical regression analysis was performed to obtain the relation between annual mean ground temperature, latitude and elevation. Based on the relation combined with GTOPO30 elevation data (global 1-km digital elevation model data developed by the Earth Resources Observation and Technology Center of the U.S Geological Survey), the annual average ground temperature distribution over the entire Tibetan Plateau was simulated. Taking the annual average ground temperature of 0.5 °C as the boundary between permafrost and seasonal frozen soil and the Map of Snow Ice and Frozen Ground in China (1:4,000,000) (Yafeng Shi, et al., 1988) as a reference, the boundary between the plateau discontinuous permafrost and plateau island permafrost was determined. In addition, taking the Distributions Map of Permafrost in Daxiao Hinganling Northeast China (Dongxin Guo, et al. 1981), the Distribution Map of Permafrost and Ground Ice in Circum-Arctic (Brown et al. 1997) and the latest field data as references, the permafrost boundary of northeast China has been revised; the mountain permafrost boundary in the northwest mostly adopted the boundary delineated in the Map of Snow Ice and Frozen Ground in China (1:4,000,000) (Yafeng Shi, et al., 1988).
\nAccording to this data set, permafrost area in China is approximately 1.75×106 km2, accounting for 18.25% of the territory of China, among which the mountain permafrost area is 0.29×106 km2, which accounts for 3.03% of the territory of China.
\nFor more information, please refer to the Map of the Glaciers, Frozen Ground and Deserts in China (1:4,000,000) specification (Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2006).
", "ds_time_res": "", "ds_acq_place": "China", "ds_space_res": "30000.0m", "ds_projection": "Albers", "ds_process_way": "The distribution of permafrost in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is based on the research results of nanzhuo Tong et al. (2002). Using the measured annual average ground temperature data of 76 boreholes along the Qinghai Tibet highway, regression statistical analysis is carried out to obtain the relationship between the annual average ground temperature and latitude, elevation. Based on this relationship, combined with the gtopo30 elevation data (the global 1km developed under the leadership of the center for earth resources observation and science and technology, USGS) Digital elevation model (DEM) is used to simulate the annual mean ground temperature distribution over the whole Tibetan Plateau. Taking the annual average ground temperature of 0.5 ℃ as the boundary between permafrost and seasonal permafrost, the boundary between discontinuous Permafrost on the plateau and island Permafrost on the plateau is delimited by referring to the map of ice and snow permafrost in China (1:4 million) (Shi Yafeng et al., 1988); in addition, the division map of Permafrost on the big and small Xing'an Mountains in the Northeast (Guo Dongxin et al., 1981), the distribution map of permafrost and underground ice around the Arctic (b According to rown et al. 1997) and the latest field survey data, the Permafrost Boundary in Northeast China has been revised; the Permafrost Boundary in Northwest mountains mostly uses the boundary defined in the map of ice and snow permafrost in China (1:4 million) (Shi Yafeng et al., 1988).\n
", "ds_ref_instruction": "In order to respect intellectual property rights, protect the rights and interests of data authors, expand the services of data centers, and evaluate the application potential of data, data users are invited to use the data\r\nStudents' research results (including published papers, treatises, data products and unpublished research reports, data products, etc.) shall be clearly indicated with data Source and data author. For data reprinted (secondary or multiple releases), the author must also indicate the source of the original data. The results published in Chinese refer to the following specifications\r\nThe data is from the \"Data Center for environmental and Ecological Sciences in Western China\" (http://westdc.westgis.ac.cn) published by NSFC in English\r\nThe data set is provided by environmental and Economic Science Data Center for West China,National Natural Science Foundation of China (http://westdc.westgis.ac.cn)" } }, "submit_center_id": "ncdc", "data_level": 0, "license_type": "CC BY 4.0", "ds_topic_tags": [ "分布图", "多年冻土", "冻土" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "自然地理学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "中国" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 2006 ], "ds_contributors": [ { "true_name": "王涛", "email": "wangtao@lzb.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院", "country": "中国" } ], "ds_meta_authors": [ { "true_name": "吴立宗", "email": "wulizong@pric.org.cn", "work_for": "国家极地科学数据中心", "country": "中国" } ], "ds_managers": [ { "true_name": "王涛", "email": "wangtao@lzb.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院", "country": "中国" } ], "category": "冻土" }