本数据集由土地与碳实验室研制，包含 2000—2022 年全球逐年土壤属性空间分布图。数据集融合数字地表/地形模型、植被与耕作指数、气候及生物气候因子，采用基于树模型的时空机器学习方法构建。数据集旨在提升全球土壤属性监测能力，实现全球陆地生态系统全覆盖，整体划分为 300 余幅全球拼接影像，格式为云优化地理栅格（COG）。\n
数据以5 年为时间间隔发布，划分0–30 cm、30–60 cm、60–100 cm三层标准土壤深度，覆盖美国农业部（USDA）土壤分类系统下 79 个亚纲。原始数据图层采用 WGS84 坐标系（EPSG:4326），基础像元分辨率为 0.00025 度；含不确定性评估的数据（STAC、谷歌地球引擎 GEE 平台）分辨率为 0.00075 度。具体指标如下：\n
1. 土壤有机碳含量（g/kg）\n
作为衡量土壤肥力、结构特征与微生物活性的核心指标，该参数表征土壤细土组分中的有机碳浓度。标准检测方法为元素分析仪干烧法（参照 ISO 10694 标准）。\n
2. 土壤有机碳密度（kg/m³）\n
指单位体积土壤内的有机碳质量，计算公式：有机碳含量 × 土壤容重 × (1 − 粗碎屑体积占比)。该指标是估算土壤总碳储量、追踪土壤碳时序变化的关键参数。\n
3. 土壤 pH 值\n
反映土壤酸碱程度，直接影响土壤养分有效性与微生物活动，本文采用水溶液浸提法（水浸 pH）测定。\n
4. 土壤容重（g/cm³）\n
指单位体积内干细土（粒径＜2 mm）的质量（不含粗碎屑），可表征土壤紧实度与孔隙度，进而影响土壤持水能力与植物根系下扎能力。常用测定方法为环刀法，也可通过土壤传递函数计算获得。\n
5. 土壤质地组分\n
表征不同粒径矿质颗粒的占比，土壤质地决定土壤水分运移、养分保蓄能力及植被生长状况。\n
黏粒含量（%）：粒径＜0.002 mm 的颗粒占比\n
砂粒含量（%）：粒径 0.05–2.0 mm 的颗粒占比（部分分类体系下限采用 0.063 mm）\n
粉粒含量（%）：粒径 0.002–0.05 mm（或至 0.063 mm，依分类标准而定）的颗粒占比\n
质地组分划分遵循美国农业部（USDA）或联合国粮农组织（FAO）粒径分级标准。\n
6. 土壤类型概率\n
基于美国农业部土壤分类系统亚类级别开展土壤概率分类。结合历史点位数据与环境协变量，为每个像元输出各类潜在土壤类型的概率分布。", "ds_source": "", "ds_process_way": "", "ds_quality": "", "ds_acq_start_time": "2000-01-01 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2022-12-31 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "全球", "ds_acq_lon_east": 180.0, "ds_acq_lat_south": -56.0, "ds_acq_lon_west": -180.0, "ds_acq_lat_north": 76.0, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "open-access", "ds_total_size": 43486001435, "ds_files_count": 0, "ds_format": "Geotiff", "ds_space_res": "0.00075 °（约 120m）", "ds_time_res": "5年", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "", "ds_thumbnail": "50e844fe-8ba4-4e30-b0ad-062169a6a4b8.png", "ds_thumb_from": 2, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "0a4269e1-65f4-45f1-aeba-88ea3068eebf", "ds_serv_man": null, "ds_serv_phone": null, "ds_serv_mail": null, "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.45" ], "quality_level": 0, "publish_time": "2026-06-11 16:48:29", "last_updated": "2026-06-11 16:48:29", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": null, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "OpenLandMap-soildb: soil organic carbon density (mg/cm3) 2000-2005 0-30cm below ground", "ds_format": "Geotiff", "ds_source": "", "ds_quality": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_abstract": "
Global annual maps of soil properties for 2000—2022 produced within the scope of the Land & Carbon Lab, integrating Digital surface/terrain model, vegetation/tillage indices, climatic/bioclimatic variables, and based on tree-based spatiotemporal Machine Learning. While the primary focus is on improving monitoring in global soil properties, the dataset provides wall-to-wall coverage across all terrestrial ecosystems and is organized into 300+ global mosaics in COG (Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF) format. Data are presented at 5-year intervals, across 3 standard depth intervals (0–30 cm, 30–60 cm, 60–100 cm), and cover 79 USDA soil taxonomy suborders. Original layers use the WGS84 Coordinate System (EPSG:4326) at a pixel resolution of 0.00025 degrees, and 0.00075 degrees with uncertainty (STAC and GEE). \r\n
Soil Organic Carbon Content (g/kg)\r\n
As a key indicator of soil fertility, structure, and microbial activity, it represents the concentration of organic carbon in the fine earth fraction of the soil. Standard method of measurement is dry combustion using elemental analyzers (e.g., ISO 10694).\r\n
Soil Organic Carbon Density (kg/m³)\r\n
Represents the mass of organic carbon per unit volume of soil. It is derived as: SOC content × bulk density × (1 − coarse fragment volume fraction). This value is critical for estimating total carbon stocks and monitoring soil carbon changes over time.\r\n
Soil pH\r\n
Indicates the acidity or alkalinity of soil, affecting nutrient availability and microbial processes. Reported as pH measured in water solution (pH in H₂O).\r\n
Bulk Density (g/cm³)\r\n
Refers to the mass of dry fine earth (<2 mm) per unit volume, excluding coarse fragments. It reflects soil compaction and porosity, influencing water retention and root penetration. Commonly determined using the core method or calculated from pedotransfer functions.\r\n
Soil Texture Fraction\r\n
Defines the relative proportions of mineral particles by size. Texture influences water movement, nutrient holding capacity, and plant growth.\r\n
Clay content (%): Proportion of particles <0.002 mm in diameter.\r\n
Sand content (%): Proportion of particles between 0.05–2.0 mm (some definitions use 0.063 mm as lower threshold).\r\n
Silt content (%): Particles sized between 0.002–0.05 mm or up to 0.063 mm depending on classification system.\r\n
Textural fractions follow USDA or FAO particle size classifications.\r\n
Soil Type Probability\r\n
Probabilistic classification of soils based on USDA Soil Taxonomy at the subgroup level. Each pixel is assigned a probability distribution across potential soil types, based on legacy point data and environmental covariates.", "ds_time_res": "", "ds_acq_place": "global", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_projection": "", "ds_process_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "" } }, "submit_center_id": "ncdc", "data_level": 0, "recommendation_value": 0, "license_type": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "belong_to_nieer": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "土壤有机碳密度", "0-30 厘米" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "地理学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "全球" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 ], "ds_contributors": [ { "true_name": "Tomislav Hengl", "email": "tom.hengl@opengeohub.org", "work_for": "OpenGeoHub Foundation, Doorwerth, the Netherlands", "country": "挪威" } ], "ds_meta_authors": [ { "true_name": "Tomislav Hengl", "email": "tom.hengl@opengeohub.org", "work_for": "OpenGeoHub Foundation, Doorwerth, the Netherlands", "country": "挪威" } ], "ds_managers": [ { "true_name": "Tomislav Hengl", "email": "tom.hengl@opengeohub.org", "work_for": "OpenGeoHub Foundation, Doorwerth, the Netherlands", "country": "挪威" } ], "category": "生态" }