数据集摘要：\nFCGI v2 是基于 20 世纪 50–80 年代地形图和航空照片编制、后经数字化形成的中国第一次冰川编目数据，主要通过扫描地形图几何校正、冰川边界矢量化、DEM 辅助属性提取和 GIS 参数重算生成，数据内容包括冰川边界、流域分区、湖泊/河流/道路等空间要素及面积、长度、高程、雪线、冰储量等属性；其空间范围为 73.2°E–135.5°E、17.8°N–53.9°N，制图尺度主要为 1:50,000–1:100,000，采用中国冰川编目流域编码体系，适用于历史冰川分布重建和长期变化对比。
\n数据源描述：\n中国第一次冰川编目数字化的数据源主要包括历史地形图、MSS 遥感影像、DEM 产品和大地控制点资料。\n1.历史地形图资料：共使用约 1118 幅扫描地形图，其中包括 546 幅 1:50,000 比例尺地形图和 572 幅 1:100,000 比例尺地形图。1:50,000 地形图中，512 幅来源于航空摄影测量，15 幅来源于地面摄影测量，19 幅来源于平板测量或其他制图资料；1:100,000 地形图中，558 幅来源于航空摄影测量，14 幅来源于平板测量或其他资料。这些历史地形图是第一期冰川边界数字化和地形属性提取的主要数据基础。\n2.MSS 遥感影像资料：采用 7 景约 1975 年获取的 MSS 遥感影像作为辅助参考资料，用于辅助判读历史冰川边界和提高冰川范围识别的一致性。\n3.DEM 数据产品：收集了覆盖中国西部冰川区的 1500 个 DEM 产品，其中包括 1146 个 1:50,000 比例尺 DEM 和 354 个 1:100,000 比例尺 DEM。这些 DEM 产品主要用于提取冰川高程属性，包括最低高程、最高高程、平均高程，以及坡度、坡向等地形参数。\n4.大地控制点和坐标系统资料:收集了西安 1980、北京 1954 和 CGCS2000 坐标系统下的大地三角控制点坐标。通过七参数转换，将数字化冰川边界和 DEM 产品统一转换至 WGS-84 坐标系统，以保证不同来源空间数据之间的兼容性和一致性。
\n数据加工方法：\n1.地形图扫描与数字化处理:对历史纸质地形图进行扫描，形成数字栅格图像，为后续冰川边界提取和地形信息重建提供基础数据。2.几何校正与空间配准:对扫描地形图进行几何校正，并结合大地控制点信息进行空间配准，使不同来源、不同比例尺的地形图和 DEM 数据在空间位置上保持一致。3.冰川边界矢量化:基于校正后的地形图资料，对第一期冰川编目中的冰川边界进行数字化，生成每条冰川的矢量多边形数据。4.DEM 构建与地形属性提取:根据地形图中的等高线生成数字高程模型，或利用已有 DEM 产品提取冰川地形属性。提取的属性包括最低高程、最高高程、平均高程、坡度和坡向等。5.几何属性重新计算:利用 GIS 技术重新计算冰川面积、周长等几何参数，以提高原始人工量算属性的精度。6.坐标系统转换:收集西安 1980、北京 1954 和 CGCS2000 坐标系统下的大地三角控制点坐标，并采用七参数转换方法，将数字化冰川边界和 DEM 产品统一转换至 WGS-84 坐标系统。7.数据统一校准与集成:对不同来源、比例尺和坐标系统的数据进行统一配准、校正和整合，形成空间一致的冰川边界、DEM 和属性数据集。8.流域山脊线自动提取与冰川单元划分辅助:处理后的地形图和 DEM 数据进一步用于自动提取中国西部冰川区的流域山脊线，并辅助第一期冰川编目中冰川高程属性计算和冰川单元划分。
\n数据质量描述：\nFCGI v2 中高可信度冰川边界覆盖面积为 55,867 km²，涉及 44,513 条冰川，约占总冰川面积的 90%；仍需进一步核查的边界覆盖 6,088 km²、4,196 条冰川，约占 10%。
", "ds_source": "", "ds_process_way": "", "ds_quality": "", "ds_acq_start_time": null, "ds_acq_end_time": null, "ds_acq_place": null, "ds_acq_lon_east": 103.89, "ds_acq_lat_south": 27.09, "ds_acq_lon_west": 73.44, "ds_acq_lat_north": 49.17, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "login-access", "ds_total_size": 37092790, "ds_files_count": 0, "ds_format": null, "ds_space_res": "60m", "ds_time_res": "年", "ds_coordinate": "", "ds_projection": "", "ds_thumbnail": "0b77cdd4-651d-4729-8089-92229a768bbf.png", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": null, "paper_ref_way": null, "ds_ref_instruction": null, "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": null, "ds_serv_man": null, "ds_serv_phone": null, "ds_serv_mail": null, "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170", "170.4510", "170.45" ], "quality_level": 0, "publish_time": "2026-08-05 12:08:09", "last_updated": "2026-08-05 12:18:35", "protected": false, "protected_to": "2027-01-31 00:00:00", "lang": "zh", "cstr": null, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "The First Chinese Glacier Inventory (Version 2)", "ds_abstract": "The Second Edition of the First Chinese Glacier Inventory (FCGI v2) is a high-resolution digitized cryospheric dataset derived from historical topographic maps and aerial photography acquired between the 1950s and 1980s. The dataset was generated through polynomial geometric correction of scanned paper maps, manual vectorization of glacier outlines, DEM-assisted attribute extraction, and GIS-based recalculation of glaciological parameters. FCGI v2 integrates key spatial layers—including glacier boundaries, drainage sub-basins, lakes, rivers, and transportation networks—with detailed physical attributes such as glacier area, length, elevation metrics, snowline altitude, and ice volume. Spanning 73.2°E–135.5°E and 17.8°N–53.9°N at mapping scales primarily between 1:50,000 and 1:100,000, FCGI v2 adopts the standardized Chinese glacier basin coding system. It serves as an essential historical baseline for reconstructing legacy glacier distributions and evaluating long-term cryospheric responses to climate forcing.\n\nData Sources\nDigitization and refinement of the First China Glacier Inventory relied on four primary data sources:\n\nHistorical Topographic Maps: A total of 1,118 scanned topographic map sheets provided the primary foundation for delineating historical glacier outlines and extracting terrain attributes. This source comprised 546 sheets at a 1:50,000 scale (512 derived from aerial photogrammetry, 15 from terrestrial photogrammetry, and 19 from plane-table surveying or legacy cartographic records) and 572 sheets at a 1:100,000 scale (558 from aerial photogrammetry and 14 from plane-table surveying or other sources).\n\nLandsat MSS Imagery: Seven Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) scenes acquired around 1975 served as auxiliary reference data to resolve boundary ambiguities and ensure spatial consistency during historical glacier interpretation.\n\nDigital Elevation Models (DEMs): A total of 1,500 DEM tiles covering glacierized basins across western China were compiled, including 1,146 tiles at 1:50,000 scale and 354 tiles at 1:100,000 scale. These models enabled the extraction of key elevation metrics (minimum, maximum, and mean elevations) and topographic parameters (slope and aspect).\n\nGeodetic Control Points and Coordinate References: Triangulation control points across the Xian 1980, Beijing 1954, and CGCS2000 geodetic reference frames were ingested. A seven-parameter similarity transformation was applied to project all digitized glacier outlines and DEM products into the WGS-84 coordinate system, establishing spatial interoperability across multi-source datasets.\n\nProcessing Methodology\nMap Scanning and Rasterization: Historical paper topographic maps were scanned into digital raster images, establishing the baseline spatial layer for boundary extraction and topographic reconstruction.\n\nGeometric Correction and Georeferencing: Scanned map rasters underwent polynomial geometric correction and spatial alignment using geodetic control points, ensuring precise co-registration across multi-scale topographic maps and DEMs.\n\nGlacier Outline Vectorization: Legacy glacier boundaries were digitized from georeferenced topographic maps to generate vector polygon geometries for individual glacier entities.\n\nDEM Construction and Attribute Extraction: Digital elevation models were interpolated from topographic contours or integrated from existing DEM products to derive glacier surface metrics, including minimum, maximum, and mean elevations, slope, and aspect.\n\nRecalculation of Geometric Parameters: GIS spatial analysis tools recomputed physical parameters—such as glacier area and perimeter—superseding legacy manual planimetric calculations with higher numerical precision.\n\nCoordinate Transformation: Geodetic triangulation points spanning Xian 1980, Beijing 1954, and CGCS2000 coordinate frames were transformed into the WGS-84 datum via a seven-parameter Bursa-Wolf transformation.\n\nData Harmonization and Integration: Heterogeneous data layers spanning diverse origins, scales, and reference frames were systematically co-registered, calibrated, and merged into a spatially consistent dataset of glacier outlines, DEMs, and glaciological attributes.\n\nAutomated Ridge Extraction and Entity Partitioning: Processed terrain rasters and DEMs drove the automated extraction of hydrologic drainage divides (ridge lines) across western China, facilitating elevation attribute calculations and glacier entity partitioning.\n\nData Quality Assessment\nIn FCGI v2, high-confidence glacier outlines encompass an aggregate area of 55,867 km² across 44,513 individual glaciers, representing ~90% of China's total historical glacierized area. Outlines requiring further verification cover 6,088 km² across 4,196 glaciers, accounting for the remaining ~10%.", "ds_time_res": "years", "ds_space_res": "60m", "ds_projection": "" } }, "submit_center_id": "ncdc", "data_level": 0, "recommendation_value": 0, "license_type": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "belong_to_nieer": false, "allow_update_data": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "冰川编目", "冰川", "中国" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "地球科学", "地理学", "自然地理学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "中国西部", "青藏高原" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980 ], "ds_contributors": [ { "true_name": "刘时银", "email": "shiyin.liu@ynu.edu,cn", "work_for": "云南大学", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "郭万钦", "email": "guowq@lzb.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "许君利", "email": "xujunli05@lzb.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "姚晓军", "email": "xj_yao@nwnu.edu.cn", "work_for": "西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "吴立宗", "email": "wulizong@pric.org.cn", "work_for": "国家极地科学数据中心", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "上官冬辉", "email": "dhguan@lzb.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院", "country": "" }, { "true_name": "魏俊锋", "email": "weijunfeng@hnust.edu.cn", "work_for": "湖南科技大学地球科学与空间信息工程学院", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "刘巧", "email": "liuqiao@imde.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "蒋宗立", "email": "jiangzongli@lzb.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "王欣", "email": "wangx@hnust.edu.cn", "work_for": "1.湖南科技大学地球科学与空间信息工程学院 2.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "鲍伟佳", "email": "", "work_for": "中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院", "country": "" }, { "true_name": "李晶", "email": "", "work_for": "中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院", "country": "" }, { "true_name": "余蓬春", "email": "liushiyin@ynu.edu.cn", "work_for": "1. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究所；2. 福建省地质科学研究院", "country": "中国" } ], "ds_meta_authors": [ { "true_name": "刘时银", "email": "shiyin.liu@ynu.edu,cn", "work_for": "云南大学", "country": "中国" } ], "ds_managers": [ { "true_name": "刘时银", "email": "shiyin.liu@ynu.edu,cn", "work_for": "云南大学", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "谢福明", "email": "fuming.xie@ynu.edu.cn", "work_for": "云南大学 地球科学学院", "country": "中国" } ], "category": "冰川" }