该数据集包含了2018年1月1日至2018年12月31日黑河流域地表过程综合观测网下游四道桥超级站气象要素梯度观测系统数据。站点位于内蒙古额济纳旗达来呼布镇四道桥，下垫面是柽柳。观测点的经纬度是101.1374°E, 42.0012°N，海拔873m。空气温度、相对湿度、风速传感器分别架设在5m、7m、10m、15m、20m、28m处，共6层，朝向正北；风向传感器架设在15m处，朝向正北；气压计安装在防水箱内；翻斗式雨量计安装在28m处；四分量辐射仪安装在10m处，朝向正南；两个红外温度计安装在10m处，朝向正南，探头朝向是垂直向下；两个光合有效辐射仪安装在10m处，朝向正南，探头垂直向上和向下方向各一个；土壤部分传感器安装在塔体南侧2m处，其中土壤热流板（自校正式）（3块）依次埋设在地下6cm处；平均土壤温度传感器TCAV埋设在地下2cm、4cm处；土壤温度探头埋设在地表0cm和地下2cm、4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、80cm、120cm、160cm和200cm处；土壤水分传感器分别埋设在地下2cm、4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、80cm、120cm、160cm和200cm处。
\n观测项目有：风速（WS_5m、WS_7m、WS_10m、WS_15m、WS_20m、WS_28m）(单位：米/秒)、风向（WD_15m）(单位：度)、空气温湿度（Ta_5m、Ta_7m、Ta_10m、Ta_15m、Ta_20m、Ta_28m和RH_5m、RH_7m、RH_10m、RH_15m、RH_20m、RH_28m）(单位：摄氏度、百分比)、气压（Press）(单位：百帕)、降水量（Rain）(单位：毫米)、四分量辐射（DR、UR、DLR_Cor、ULR_Cor、Rn）(单位：瓦/平方米)、地表辐射温度（IRT_1、IRT_2）(单位：摄氏度)、向上和向下光合有效辐射（PAR_U_up、PAR_U_down）(单位：微摩尔/平方米秒)、平均土壤温度（TCAV）(单位：摄氏度)、土壤热通量（Gs_1、Gs_2、Gs_3）(单位：瓦/平方米)、土壤水分（Ms_2cm、Ms_4cm、Ms_10cm、Ms_20cm、Ms_40cm、Ms_80cm、Ms_120cm、Ms_160cm、Ms_200cm）(单位：体积含水量，百分比)、土壤温度（Ts_0cm、Ts_2cm、Ts_4cm、Ts_10cm、Ts_20cm、Ts_40cm、Ts_80cm、Ts_120cm、Ts_160cm、Ts_200cm）(单位：摄氏度)。
\n观测数据的处理与质量控制：（1）确保每天144个数据（每10min），若出现数据的缺失，则由-6999标示；1-6月由于传感器的问题，降雨数据出错；7-10月由于接线问题，气压数据出错；（2）剔除有重复记录的时刻；（3）删除了明显超出物理意义或超出仪器量程的数据；（4）数据中以红字标示的部分为有疑问的数据；（5）日期和时间的格式统一，并且日期、时间在同一列。如，时间为：2018-9-10 10:30；（6）命名规则为：AWS+站点名称。
\n黑河综合观测网或站点信息请参考Liu et al. (2018)，观测数据处理请参考Liu et al. (2011)。
", "ds_source": "", "ds_process_way": "", "ds_quality": "", "ds_acq_start_time": "2018-01-01 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2018-12-31 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "黑河流域下游,下游天然绿洲试验区,四道桥超级站", "ds_acq_lon_east": 101.13694444444445, "ds_acq_lat_south": 42.01, "ds_acq_lon_west": 101.13694444444445, "ds_acq_lat_north": 42.01, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "apply-access", "ds_total_size": 24382212, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "*.xlsx", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "", "ds_thumbnail": "61788977-9332-4c07-88d4-b986df497736.jpg", "ds_thumb_from": 2, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "7314e349-6d56-45d3-93c1-5068a74cdfde", "ds_serv_man": "李红星", "ds_serv_phone": "0931-4967592", "ds_serv_mail": "ncdc@lzb.ac.cn", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.15" ], "quality_level": 0, "publish_time": "2026-04-22 17:36:08", "last_updated": "2026-04-22 17:36:08", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": null, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Qilian Mountain Comprehensive Observation Network: Heihe River Basin Surface Process Comprehensive Observation Network (Sidaoqiao Super Station Meteorological Element Gradient Observation System-2018)", "ds_ref_way": "Liu Shaomin, Li Xin, Che Tao, Xu Ziwei, Ren Zhiguo, Tan Junlei Qilian Mountain Comprehensive Observation Network: Heihe River Basin Surface Process Comprehensive Observation Network (Sidaoqiao Super Station Meteorological Element Gradient Observation System-2018) Time Space Three Pole Environment Big Data Platform, October 1888/ Meteoro.tpdc.270780[LIU Shaomin,LI Xin,CHE Tao,XU Ziwei,REN Zhiguo,TAN Junlei.Qilian Mountains integrated observatory network: Dataset of Heihe integrated observatory network (an observation system of meteorological elements gradient of Sidaoqiao superstation, 2018).A Big Earth Data Platform for Three Poles,10.11888/Meteoro.tpdc.270780]", "ds_abstract": "This dataset contains meteorological element gradient observation system data from the downstream Sidaoqiao Super Station of the Heihe River Basin Surface Process Comprehensive Observation Network from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018. The station is located in Sidaoqiao, Dalaihubu Town, Ejina Banner, Inner Mongolia, with a base of tamarisk trees. The latitude and longitude of the observation point are 101.1374E, 42.0012N, with an altitude of 873m. Air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed sensors are installed at 5m, 7m, 10m, 15m, 20m, and 28m, with a total of 6 floors facing due north; The wind direction sensor is installed at a distance of 15m, facing due north; The barometer is installed inside a waterproof box; The tipping bucket rain gauge is installed at a distance of 28m; The four component radiometer is installed at a distance of 10m, facing due south; Two infrared thermometers are installed at a distance of 10m, facing due south, with the probes facing vertically downwards; Two photosynthetically active radiometers are installed at a distance of 10 meters, facing due south, with one probe vertically upward and one probe vertically downward; The soil sensor is installed 2m south of the tower, with three soil heat flow plates (self calibrating) buried 6cm underground in sequence; The average soil temperature sensor TCAV is buried 2cm and 4cm underground; The soil temperature probe is buried at 0cm on the surface and 2cm, 4cm, 10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 80cm, 120cm, 160cm, and 200cm underground; Soil moisture sensors are buried 2cm, 4cm, 10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 80cm, 120cm, 160cm, and 200cm underground.
", "ds_acq_place": "Sidao Bridge in Dalaihubu Town, Ejina Banner, Inner Mongolia, with a surface covered by tamarisk trees" } }, "submit_center_id": "ncdc", "data_level": 0, "license_type": "CC BY 4.0 (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License)", "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "ds_topic_tags": [ "土壤温度", "土壤湿度/水分含量", "气象要素", "土壤", "降水" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "大气科学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "黑河流域下游", "下游天然绿洲试验区", "四道桥超级站" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 2018 ], "ds_contributors": [ { "true_name": "刘绍民", "email": "smliu@bnu.edu.cn", "work_for": "北京师范大学", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "李新", "email": "xinli@itpcas.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院青藏高原研究所", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "车涛", "email": "chetao@lzb.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "徐自为", "email": "xuzw@bnu.edu.cn", "work_for": "北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "任志国", "email": "rzgehu@lzb.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "谭俊磊", "email": "tanjunlei@163.com", "work_for": "中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院", "country": "中国" } ], "ds_meta_authors": [ { "true_name": "刘绍民", "email": "smliu@bnu.edu.cn", "work_for": "北京师范大学", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "李新", "email": "xinli@itpcas.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院青藏高原研究所", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "车涛", "email": "chetao@lzb.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "徐自为", "email": "xuzw@bnu.edu.cn", "work_for": "北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "任志国", "email": "rzgehu@lzb.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "谭俊磊", "email": "tanjunlei@163.com", "work_for": "中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院", "country": "中国" } ], "ds_managers": [ { "true_name": "徐自为", "email": "xuzw@bnu.edu.cn", "work_for": "北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院", "country": "中国" } ], "category": "气象" }