通过文献调查系统收集中巴经济走廊区域的冰雪崩事件数据，结合最新的Google Earth高分辨率遥感影像，识别冰雪崩发生后的典型地表迹象（如冰雪崩物堆积形成的块体散乱区域、冰雪崩引起的地形突变、冰雪崩路径与堆积体的清晰轮廓、堆积区呈浅色调、沿山谷呈不规则条带状或扇形展开，表面常见斑驳纹理等），以验证文献中冰雪崩事件的空间真实性与准确性。最终制备覆盖中巴经济走廊的历史冰雪崩事件数据集，为区域冰雪崩灾害研究与风险评估提供支撑。\n
1. 数据集命名\n
Ice_avalancheCPEC.Shp\n
2. 主要属性信息 \n
ID:冰雪崩编号\n
Location:冰雪崩的位置\n
Year:年\n
Month:月\n
Day:日\n
Type:冰雪崩的类型\n
Latitude:冰雪崩的纬度\n
Longitude:冰雪崩的经度\n
Cascade_ha:冰雪崩造成的次生灾害\n
Triggers:冰雪崩的触发器\n
属性信息缺失时，统一以“0”或空值表示，标示该字段数据不可用。", "ds_source": "
1. Google Earth影像：通过Google Earth软件访问\n
2. 参考文献\n
Zhang, T., Wang, W., Shen, Z. and An, B., 2024. Increasing frequency and destructiveness of glacier-related slope failures under global warming. Science Bulletin, 69(1): 30-33.\n
Zhong, Y., Allen, S.K., Zheng, G., Liu, Q. and Stoffel, M., 2024. Large rock and ice avalanches frequently produce cascading processes in High Mountain Asia. Geomorphology, 449: 109048.\n
Coe, J. A., 2020. Bellwether sites for evaluating changes in landslide frequency and magnitude in cryospheric mountainous terrain: a call for systematic, long-term observations to decipher the impact of climate change. Landslides. 17, 11, 2483-2501.", "ds_process_way": "
1.历史冰雪崩事件资料收集\n
综合利用文献资料、政府报告、新闻报道以及科研成果等多源渠道，系统收集中巴经济走廊区域自1980年以来的历史冰雪崩事件信息，初步建立事件名录。\n\n
2.冰雪崩事件的遥感验证\n
基于Google Earth等高分辨率遥感影像，对疑似冰雪崩区域进行判读验证。依据典型冰雪崩地表特征（如堆积块体分布明显、地形突变、崩积体轮廓清晰、堆积区呈浅色调、不规则条带状或扇形展开等）判断事件的真实性和空间精度，筛选并确认有效事件，构建中巴经济走廊历史冰雪崩事件数据集。\n\n
3.属性信息提取与补充\n
借助遥感与GIS技术提取冰雪崩事件的空间属性，包括发生位置、经度、纬度等基础信息，进一步完善数据库结构，实现冰雪崩事件的标准化存储与管理。\n\n
4.交互检查与质量控制\n
对已识别与提取的冰雪崩事件开展人工-自动交互验证，通过多轮交叉检查与时空一致性分析，提升数据集的准确性与可靠性，确保历史事件记录的科学性与可用性。", "ds_quality": "
冰雪崩事件数据经过严格的质量控制，所有记录均通过多源文献交叉验证，并优先采信带有现场照片或遥感影像佐证的信息，以确保事件的真实性与空间精度。", "ds_acq_start_time": "1980-01-01 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2024-12-31 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "中巴经济走廊北部高山高海拔区，中巴公路喀什至塔科特段沿途全部内流流域", "ds_acq_lon_east": 77.75, "ds_acq_lat_south": 34.5, "ds_acq_lon_west": 72.5, "ds_acq_lat_north": 40.25, "ds_acq_alt_low": 240.0, "ds_acq_alt_high": 8560.0, "ds_share_type": "login-access", "ds_total_size": 22125, "ds_files_count": 8, "ds_format": "shp", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "", "ds_thumbnail": "907e860e-84dd-46ce-8971-7487ce248f7c.png", "ds_thumb_from": 2, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "9de89acc-5714-4927-aba3-ac88067dff8a", "ds_serv_man": "敏玉芳", "ds_serv_phone": "0931-4967596", "ds_serv_mail": "ncdc@lzb.ac.cn", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.4510" ], "quality_level": 3, "publish_time": "2024-06-07 16:51:29", "last_updated": "2025-12-08 17:30:59", "protected": true, "protected_to": "2026-06-07 00:00:00", "lang": "zh", "cstr": "11738.11.NCDC.NIEER.DB6501.2024", "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Dataset of Ice and Snow Collapse Events in the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (1980-2024)", "ds_format": "shp", "ds_source": "
1. Google Earth imagery: accessed through Google Earth software\n
2. References\n
Zhang, T., Wang, W., Shen, Z. and An, B., 2024. Increasing frequency and destructiveness of glacier-related slope failures under global warming. Science Bulletin, 69(1): 30-33.\n
Zhong, Y., Allen, S.K., Zheng, G., Liu, Q. and Stoffel, M., 2024. Large rock and ice avalanches frequently produce cascading processes in High Mountain Asia. Geomorphology, 449: 109048.\n
Coe, J. A., 2020. Bellwether sites for evaluating changes in landslide frequency and magnitude in cryospheric mountainous terrain: a call for systematic, long-term observations to decipher the impact of climate change. Landslides. 17, 11, 2483-2501.", "ds_quality": "
The data of the ice and snow avalanche event has undergone strict quality control, and all records have been cross validated through multiple sources of literature. Priority is given to information supported by on-site photos or remote sensing images to ensure the authenticity and spatial accuracy of the event.", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_abstract": "
By collecting data on ice and snow avalanches in the China Pakistan Economic Corridor region through a literature review system and combining it with the latest high-resolution remote sensing images from Google Earth, typical surface signs after the occurrence of ice and snow avalanches were identified, such as scattered areas formed by the accumulation of ice and snow avalanches, sudden changes in terrain caused by ice and snow avalanches, clear contours of ice and snow avalanche paths and accumulations, shallow color tones in the accumulation area, irregular strip like or fan-shaped development along the valley, and common mottled textures on the surface, in order to verify the spatial authenticity and accuracy of ice and snow avalanches in the literature. The final preparation of a historical ice and snow avalanche event dataset covering the China Pakistan Economic Corridor provides support for regional ice and snow avalanche disaster research and risk assessment.\n
1. Dataset Naming\n
Ice_avalancheCPEC.Shp\n
2. Main attribute information\n
ID: Ice and Snow Crash Number\n
Location: The location of the ice and snow avalanche\n
Year: Year\n
Month: Month\n
Day: Day\n
Type: Types of ice and snow avalanches\n
Latitude: The latitude at which ice and snow collapse\n
Longitude: The longitude at which ice and snow collapse\n
Cascadeha: Secondary disasters caused by ice and snow avalanches\n
Triggers: triggers for ice and snow avalanches\n
When attribute information is missing, it is uniformly represented as \"0\" or null value to indicate that the data in that field is unavailable.
", "ds_time_res": "", "ds_acq_place": "The high mountain and high-altitude areas in the northern part of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor, along the Kashgar to Takote section of the China Pakistan Highway, all flow into the river basin", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_projection": "", "ds_process_way": "1. Collection of historical data on ice and snow avalanches\n
By comprehensively utilizing multiple sources such as literature, government reports, news reports, and scientific research achievements, a systematic collection of historical information on ice and snow avalanches in the China Pakistan Economic Corridor region since 1980 has been established, and a preliminary list of events has been established.\n
2. Remote sensing verification of ice and snow avalanche events\n
Based on high-resolution remote sensing images such as Google Earth, interpret and verify suspected areas of ice and snow avalanches. Based on the typical surface characteristics of ice and snow avalanches, such as obvious distribution of accumulated blocks, sudden terrain changes, clear contour of avalanches, shallow color tone of accumulation areas, irregular strip-shaped or fan-shaped expansion, etc., the authenticity and spatial accuracy of the event are judged, and effective events are screened and confirmed to construct a historical ice and snow avalanche event dataset for the China Pakistan Economic Corridor.\n
3. Extraction and supplementation of attribute information\n
By utilizing remote sensing and GIS technology to extract spatial attributes of ice and snow avalanches, including basic information such as location, longitude, and latitude, the database structure is further improved to achieve standardized storage and management of ice and snow avalanches.\n
4. Interaction inspection and quality control\n
Conduct manual automatic interactive verification on identified and extracted ice and snow avalanche events, improve the accuracy and reliability of the dataset through multiple rounds of cross checking and spatiotemporal consistency analysis, and ensure the scientific and usability of historical event records.", "ds_ref_instruction": "" } }, "submit_center_id": "ncdc", "data_level": 0, "license_type": "CC BY 4.0", "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "冰雪崩", "中巴经济走廊" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "自然地理学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "中巴经济走廊" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1980, 2024 ], "ds_contributors": [ { "true_name": "胡明成", "email": "humingcheng@imde.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "聂勇", "email": "nieyong@imde.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "韩立钦", "email": "hanliqin@lzb.ac.cn", "work_for": "河南师范大学", "country": "中国" } ], "ds_meta_authors": [ { "true_name": "胡明成", "email": "humingcheng@imde.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "聂勇", "email": "nieyong@imde.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所", "country": "中国" }, { "true_name": "韩立钦", "email": "hanliqin@lzb.ac.cn", "work_for": "河南师范大学", "country": "中国" } ], "ds_managers": [ { "true_name": "韩立钦", "email": "hanliqin@lzb.ac.cn", "work_for": "河南师范大学", "country": "中国" } ], "category": "其他" }