高寒矿区大量的采挖和开发势必会对当地植被和土壤产生剧烈的影响，由于目前对高寒矿区人工恢复草地的研究极少，并不确定高寒矿区人工恢复草地对植被群落结构和土壤理化性质的恢复效果。本研究利用野外现场测定及室内分析相结合的方法，生成木里矿区原生植被及不同恢复年限人工草地植被群落盖度、高度、地上、地下生物量，土壤容重、持水量、有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾、酶活性、微生物多样性，植被地上部分、地下根系及土壤重金属含量等指标。该数据可为青藏高原高寒矿区人工草地的系统研究提供基础数据支持。
", "ds_source": "（1）植被群落调查：随机选取大小为0.5 m*0.5 m的样方进行植物群落特征的调查，每个样地4个重复，在各样方内，用直尺测量地上植物群落的平均高度（在每个样方内测定10次记录，取平均值）和单种的植株高度，用针刺法测定植被群落的盖度。\n
（2）地上生物量：在样方内先分拣出凋落物后，用剪刀齐地面剪去植被地上部分，分别装入信封并标记。同时，在样方内进行分种样品采集，将刈割采集的每种植物分别装袋并标记。将采集的植物样品带回实验室，105 ℃杀青15 min，65 ℃烘干至恒重，称量并记录，得到群落和分种地上生物量。\n
（3）根系生物量：在剪去植物的样方中，用直径7 cm的根钻在0-10 cm取3钻，将3钻土壤样品混合，过2 mm筛。将未过筛的植物根系洗净带回实验室65℃烘干至恒重，称量记录各样地的根系生物量。
（4）土壤容重及持水量：采用环刀法，在分种群落样方内用直径为5 cm，高为5 cm的环刀采集0-10原状土壤，带回实验室，用于测定土壤容重、持水能力。土壤饱和持水量、田间持水量、毛管持水量、容重采用环刀法，具体测定过程及计算方法参考《中华人民共和国林业行业标准——森林土壤分析方法》。 \n
（5）土壤养分及pH值：土壤pH值测定，先称取5 g风干土置于烧杯中，根据水土比（1:2.5）加入10 ml去离子水，充分混匀后静置10 min，使用pH酸度计进行测定。土壤有机碳采用重铬酸钾外加热法测定；土壤全氮采用半微量凯氏定氮法测定；土壤全磷采用分光光度计测定，全钾和速效钾采用火焰光度计测定，具体操作方法参考鲍士旦《土壤农化分析》测定方法。\n
（6）土壤微生物量碳氮磷及土壤微生物物种组成的测定：土壤微生物量碳和微生物量氮：采用氯仿熏蒸浸提法测定：取2份约10 g鲜土，一份直接用40 mL 0.05 mol/L K2SO4溶液浸提，另一份置于真空干燥器中在黑暗条件下使用氯仿熏蒸24 h，然后用40 mL 0.05 mol/L K2SO4溶液浸提。将溶解于K2SO4溶液的土壤样品放在振荡器内振荡（150 rpm/min）抽提1 h，用微孔滤膜或定量滤纸过滤，收集浸提液。用TOC仪测定熏蒸前后土壤的总有机碳（TOC）和总有机氮（TON）含量，计算土壤的微生物量碳氮。（单位：mg/kg）。土壤微生物量磷：分别称取熏蒸（和测微生物碳氮一样处理）和未熏蒸的土样5g，用碳酸氢钠浸提，（一个5g需50ml浸提剂，土：水=1:10），再加入一勺无磷活性炭，盖好小绿瓶，在往复震荡机上震荡30min，立即用定量滤纸过滤。吸取滤液10ml，然后加入钼锑显色剂5ml，分数次进行充分摇匀，逐净二氧化碳。在室温放置30min，用700（有条件用880nm）波长进行比色。以空白溶液（10ml浸提剂代替滤液，同上处理）为参比液调节分光光度计零点。空白液的浓度为0，测出待测液的吸收值。计算土壤的微生物量磷含量。（单位：mg/kg）。DNA提取：土壤微生物组DNA提取方法参照PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kit (MoBio Laboratories, Carlsbad, CA) 【Omega Stool DNA Kit】试剂盒说明书。提取得到的DNA用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳和分光光度法进行DNA质量和浓度检测。质检合格的样本样品储存在-20℃以备后续实验使用。PCR扩增：用引物（根据选择的引物填写）扩增（根据选择的引物填写）基因区。在上游和下游引物的5’末端各添加8bp条形码序列，以区分不同的样本。PCR反应体系（总体系为25μL）：12.5 μL KAPA 2G Robust Hot Start Ready Mix、1 μL Forward Primer(5 μM)、1 μL Reverse Primer(5 μM)、5 μL DNA（加入的DNA总量为30 ng），最后加入5.5 μL dd H2O补足至25 μL。反应参数：95 ℃预变性5min；95 ℃变性45 s，55 ℃退火50 s，72 ℃延伸45 s，28个循环；72 ℃延伸10 min。PCR产物使用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测扩增目的条带大小，并用Agencourt AMPure XP核酸纯化试剂盒纯化。MiSeq测序：PCR产物用于构建微生物多样性测序文库，在北京奥维森基因科技有限公司使用Illumina Miseq PE300高通量测序平台进行Paired-end 测序。测序原始序列上传至NCBI的SRA数据库。\n
（7）土壤酶活测定：土壤磷酸酶活性的测定，采用的是对硝基苯磷酸二钠比色法。该方法以对硝基苯磷酸二钠（即pNPP）为基质，基质在土壤酸性磷酸酶的催化下水解生成黄色色的对硝基苯酚（即pNP），该黄色溶液在410nm处有最大吸收光值，根据对硝基苯酚的生成数量与黄色溶液的吸光度呈正比来进行定量分析，以此来反映土壤酸性磷酸酶的活性。葡萄糖苷酶、乙酰基氨基葡萄糖苷酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶：首先，称取新鲜土壤1g置于塑料瓶内(250m)，加蒸馏水125ml，震荡2h(25℃l80r/min)。其次，测定样品：招匀悬浊液，吸取1ml的悬液于离心管内（2ml）,加入荧光底物0.25ml,吸取三份（分别加入不同荧光底物），摇匀。第三，空自样品：摇匀悬浊液，吸取1ml的悬浊液于离心管内（2ml）,加入馏水0.25ml,吸取三份摇匀。第四，淬火标准样品：摇匀悬浊液，吸取1ml的悬浊液于离心管内(2m)，加入标准物质溶液0.25ml吸取3份，摇匀。第五 25℃避光培养4h。第六，步骤2、3和4的离心管加50ul 0.5 mol/L NaOH终止反应，加液后摇匀。第七 转移250ul至96孔酶标板上：(参見酶标版示意图)，注意转移时，先摇匀悬浊液再吸样。第八，4MUB激发波长为365nm，检测波长450nm。\n
（8）土壤重金属：称取通过0.15 mm孔径尼龙筛的风干土3 ~5 g（精确到0.001 g），置于100 mL三角瓶中，用少量水湿润样品，加王水20 mL，轻轻摇匀，盖上小漏斗，置于电热板或电砂浴上，在通风橱中低温加热至微沸（140~160 ℃），待棕色氮氧化物基本赶完后，取下冷却。沿壁加入高氯酸10~20 mL（视样品中有机质的含量而定），继续加热消化产生浓白烟，挥发大部分高氯酸，待三角瓶中样品呈灰白色糊状，取下冷却。用水约10 mL洗涤容器内壁，摇匀，以中速定量滤纸过滤到50 mL容量瓶中，再用热水洗涤残渣3~4次，冷却后用水定容。同时作空白试验。待测溶液、空白消化溶液和标准系列溶液用原子吸收光谱法测定铜、锌、铅、镉、铬、镍。\n
（9）植物重金属：称样约1.00g于 50mL三角甁中，加硝酸-高氯酸混酸15mL 静置于通风柜，瓶口盖一弯颈小漏斗，待棕色烟出现，溶液上部出现大量白色气泡 消煮至溶液呈均匀淡黄色，且棕色烟几乎消失 ,稍冷滴加少量蒸馏水，过滤后合并滤液于25mL容量瓶,同时设置空白对照，除不加待测样品外，其他操作相同。
", "ds_process_way": "野外采集，实验室测定。", "ds_quality": "
数据均采用成熟且常规方法测定，数据质量可靠。
", "ds_acq_start_time": "2023-08-10 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2023-08-15 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "木里矿区", "ds_acq_lon_east": 99.6111111111111, "ds_acq_lat_south": 38.06111111111111, "ds_acq_lon_west": 99.165, "ds_acq_lat_north": 38.15, "ds_acq_alt_low": 3779.0, "ds_acq_alt_high": 3995.0, "ds_share_type": "apply-access", "ds_total_size": 193651, "ds_files_count": 0, "ds_format": "*.xlsx", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "", "ds_thumbnail": "99b1d362-b7fe-4208-8f8c-6f93d2195ee1.jpeg", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": "", "organization_id": "5b99d600-008a-4069-8fc3-7adb9c3f2f8b", "ds_serv_man": "杨永胜", "ds_serv_phone": "17797228705", "ds_serv_mail": "ysyang@nwipb.cas.cn", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.45" ], "quality_level": 0, "publish_time": "2026-06-11 11:17:13", "last_updated": "2026-07-23 10:22:27", "protected": false, "protected_to": "2027-10-01 00:00:00", "lang": "zh", "cstr": "11738.11.ncdc.db7688.2026", "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Vegetation and soil dataset of human disturbance in alpine mining areas", "ds_format": "*.xlsx", "ds_source": "(1) Vegetation community survey: Randomly select a sample plot with a size of 0.5 m * 0.5 m to investigate the characteristics of the plant community. Each plot has 4 replicates. Within each plot, measure the average height of the above ground plant community with a ruler (record 10 times in each plot, take the average) and the height of individual plants. Use the needle puncture method to determine the coverage of the vegetation community. (2) Aboveground biomass: After sorting out the litter in the sample plot, use scissors to cut off the above ground parts of the vegetation, put them into envelopes and mark them. At the same time, separate samples were collected within the sample plot, and each plant species harvested was individually bagged and labeled. Bring the collected plant samples back to the laboratory, kill at 105 ℃ for 15 minutes, dry at 65 ℃ to constant weight, weigh and record, and obtain the aboveground biomass of the community and species. (3) Root biomass: In the cut plant plot, use a root drill with a diameter of 7 cm to take 3 drills from 0-10 cm, mix the soil samples of the 3 drills, and sieve them through a 2 mm sieve. Wash the unfiltered plant roots and bring them back to the laboratory for drying at 65 ℃ until they reach a constant weight. Weigh and record the root biomass of each plot. (4) Soil bulk density and water holding capacity: Using the ring knife method, 0-10 undisturbed soils were collected with a ring knife with a diameter of 5 cm and a height of 5 cm in the sample plot of the community, and brought back to the laboratory for measuring soil bulk density and water holding capacity. The soil saturation water holding capacity, field water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity, and bulk density are measured using the ring knife method. The specific measurement process and calculation method refer to the \"Forest Soil Analysis Method\" in the forestry industry standard of the People's Republic of China. (5) Soil nutrients and pH value: To determine soil pH value, first weigh 5 g of air dried soil and place it in a beaker. Add 10 ml of deionized water according to the water to soil ratio (1:2.5), mix thoroughly, and let it stand for 10 minutes. Use a pH and acidity meter for measurement. Soil organic carbon was determined using the potassium dichromate external heating method; Soil total nitrogen was determined using the semi trace Kjeldahl method; The total phosphorus in the soil is measured using a spectrophotometer, while the total potassium and available potassium are measured using a flame photometer. The specific operation method refers to the determination method in Bao Shidan's \"Soil Agrochemical Analysis\". (6) Determination of soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and soil microbial species composition: Soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen: determined by chloroform fumigation extraction method: take 2 portions of about 10 g fresh soil, one portion is directly extracted with 40 mL of 0.05 mol/L K2SO4 solution, and the other portion is placed in a vacuum dryer and fumigated with chloroform for 24 hours under dark conditions, then extracted with 40 mL of 0.05 mol/L K2SO4 solution. Shake the soil sample dissolved in K2SO4 solution in an oscillator (150 rpm/min) and extract for 1 hour. Filter through a microporous membrane or quantitative filter paper and collect the extract. Measure the total organic carbon (TOC) and total organic nitrogen (TON) content of soil before and after fumigation using a TOC analyzer, and calculate the microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen of the soil. (Unit: mg/kg). Soil microbial biomass phosphorus: Weigh 5g of fumigated (treated the same as measuring microbial carbon and nitrogen) and non fumigated soil samples separately, extract with sodium bicarbonate (50ml of leaching agent is required for each 5g, soil: water=1:10), add a spoonful of phosphorus free activated carbon, cover with a small green bottle, shake on a reciprocating shaker for 30 minutes, and immediately filter with quantitative filter paper. Take 10ml of the filtrate, then add 5ml of molybdenum antimony color reagent, shake well in batches, and gradually remove carbon dioxide. Leave at room temperature for 30 minutes and perform colorimetric analysis using a wavelength of 700 (or 880nm if possible). Adjust the zero point of the spectrophotometer using blank solution (10ml leaching agent instead of filtrate, treated as above) as the reference solution. The concentration of the blank solution is 0, and the absorption value of the test solution is measured. Calculate the microbial biomass and phosphorus content of the soil. (Unit: mg/kg). DNA Extraction: Reference for Soil Microbial DNA Extraction Method PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kit (MoBio Laboratories, Carlsbad, CA) 【Omega Stool DNA Kit】 Reagent kit manual. The extracted DNA was detected by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometry. Samples that have passed quality inspection are stored at -20 ℃ for future experimental use. PCR amplification: Use primers (fill in according to the selected primers) to amplify (fill in according to the selected primers) the gene region. Add 8bp barcode sequences at the 5 'ends of upstream and downstream primers to distinguish different samples. PCR reaction system (total system is 25) μL）：12.5 μL KAPA 2G Robust Hot Start Ready Mix、1 μL Forward Primer(5 μM)、1 μL Reverse Primer(5 μM)、5 μL DNA（ The total amount of DNA added was 30 ng, and finally 5.5 μ L of dd H2O was added to make up to 25 μ L. Reaction parameters: 95 ℃ pre denaturation for 5 minutes; Denaturation at 95 ℃ for 45 seconds, annealing at 55 ℃ for 50 seconds, extension at 72 ℃ for 45 seconds, 28 cycles; Extend at 72 ℃ for 10 minutes. PCR products were detected by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis and purified with Agencourt AMPure XP nucleic acid purification kit. MiSeq sequencing: PCR products were used to construct a microbial diversity sequencing library, and paired end sequencing was performed using Illumina Miseq PE300 high-throughput sequencing platform at Beijing Ovson Gene Technology Co., Ltd. Upload the original sequencing sequence to NCBI's SRA database. (7) Soil enzyme activity determination: The determination of soil phosphatase activity is carried out using the colorimetric method with disodium p-nitrophenyl phosphate. This method uses disodium p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) as the substrate, which hydrolyzes under the catalysis of soil acid phosphatase to produce yellow p-nitrophenol (pNP). The yellow solution has the maximum absorption light value at 410nm. Quantitative analysis is performed based on the proportional relationship between the amount of p-nitrophenol generated and the absorbance of the yellow solution, in order to reflect the activity of soil acid phosphatase. Glucosidase, Acetylglucosamine Glucosidase, Leucine Aminopeptidase: First, weigh 1g of fresh soil and place it in a plastic bottle (250m). Add 125ml of distilled water and shake for 2 hours (25 ℃, 180r/min). Next, measure the sample: homogenize the suspension, take 1ml of the suspension into a centrifuge tube (2ml), add 0.25ml of fluorescent substrate, take three portions (each with different fluorescent substrates), and shake well. Thirdly, empty sample: Shake well the suspension, take 1ml of the suspension into a centrifuge tube (2ml), add 0.25ml of distilled water, and take three portions and shake well. Fourth, quenching standard sample: Shake well the suspension, take 1ml of the suspension into a centrifuge tube (2m), add 0.25ml of standard substance solution, take 3 portions, and shake well. Fifth, incubate at 25 ℃ in the dark for 4 hours. Sixth, add 50ul of 0.5 mol/L NaOH to the centrifuge tubes of steps 2, 3, and 4 to terminate the reaction, and shake well after adding the solution. Transfer 250ul to a 96 well enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) plate for the seventh transfer: (refer to the schematic diagram of the ELISA plate), be sure to shake the suspension well before suctioning the sample. Eighth, the excitation wavelength of 4MUB is 365nm, and the detection wavelength is 450nm. (8) Soil heavy metals: Weigh 3-5 g (accurate to 0.001 g) of air dried soil that has passed through a 0.15 mm aperture nylon sieve, place it in a 100 mL triangular flask, moisten the sample with a small amount of water, add 20 mL of aqua regia, gently shake well, cover with a small funnel, place it on an electric heating plate or electric sand bath, and heat it at low temperature in a fume hood to a slight boiling point (140-160 ℃). After the brown nitrogen oxides are basically eliminated, remove and cool it. Add 10-20 mL of perchloric acid along the wall (depending on the organic matter content in the sample), continue heating and digestion to produce concentrated white smoke, evaporate most of the perchloric acid, and wait for the sample in the triangular flask to become a grayish white paste. Remove and cool. Wash the inner wall of the container with about 10 mL of water, shake well, filter through medium speed quantitative filter paper into a 50 mL volumetric flask, wash the residue 3-4 times with hot water, cool down, and dilute with water. Simultaneously conduct blank experiments. Measure copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, chromium, and nickel using atomic absorption spectroscopy for the test solution, blank digestion solution, and standard series solution. (9) Plant heavy metals: Weigh about 1.00g of the sample into a 50mL triangular flask, add 15mL of nitric acid perchloric acid mixed acid, and let it stand in a fume hood. Cover the flask with a curved neck small funnel and wait for brown smoke to appear. A large number of white bubbles appear on the upper part of the solution. Boil until the solution becomes uniform and light yellow, and the brown smoke almost disappears. Slightly cool and add a small amount of distilled water, filter and combine the filtrate into a 25mL volumetric flask. At the same time, set a blank control. Except for not adding the test sample, the other operations are the same.
", "ds_quality": "The data was measured using mature and conventional methods, and the data quality is reliable.
", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_abstract": "The extensive mining and development in high-altitude mining areas will inevitably have a severe impact on local vegetation and soil. Due to the limited research on the artificial restoration of grasslands in high-altitude mining areas, it is uncertain how effective the artificial restoration of grasslands in high-altitude mining areas will be in restoring vegetation community structure and soil physicochemical properties. This study used a combination of field measurements and indoor analysis to generate indicators such as vegetation community coverage, height, aboveground and underground biomass, soil bulk density, water holding capacity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, enzyme activity, microbial diversity, vegetation aboveground and underground roots, and soil heavy metal content for native vegetation and artificial grassland vegetation communities with different restoration years in the Muli mining area. This data can provide basic data support for the systematic study of artificial grasslands in high-altitude mining areas on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
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