蒸发（ET）是水循环的重要组成部分之一，是全球水循环、能源循环和碳循环之间的纽带。因此，精确量化蒸散发对于了解各种地球系统过程和后续社会应用至关重要。现有的蒸散发检索方法要么时空覆盖范围有限，要么在很大程度上受到输入数据选择或简化模型物理或两者结合的影响。在此，我们采用独立的质量守恒方法，为全球陆地和选定的 168 个主要流域开发了基于水平衡的蒸散发数据集（ET-WB）。我们利用来自卫星产品、原位测量、再分析和水文模拟的多源数据集（23 个降水数据集、29 个径流数据集和 7 个储量变化数据集），在 2002 年 5 月至 2021 年 12 月期间生成了 4669 个基于概率的独特组合的蒸散发数据集。
", "ds_source": "收集了三个基于现场观测的全球数据集，包括气候研究单位时间序列（CRU TS）数据库、全球降水气候学中心（GPCC）项目和美国国家海洋和大气管理局气候预测中心（CPC Unified）的统一数据集。这些数据通常依赖于世界各地的点尺度雨量计收集数据来对网格化全球产品进行插值。\n为了丰富我们的研究，收集了六种遥感产品，即用于全球降水测量的多卫星综合检索（IMERG）、全球降水气候学项目（GPCP）、利用人工神经网络从遥感信息估算降水-气候数据记录（PERSIANN-CDR）、热带降雨测量任务与 3B43 算法（Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission with 3B43 algorithm）、 全球降水气候学项目（GPCP）、利用人工神经网络从遥感信息中估算降水量-气候数据记录（PERSIANN-CDR）、采用 3B43 算法的热带降雨测量任务（TRMM 3B43）、全球降水卫星绘图（GSMaP）和气候灾害小组红外降水与站点数据（CHIRPS）。
", "ds_process_way": "采用陆地水平衡法生成ET-WB数据集。\n通过全球径流数据中心（GRDC，https://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/Home/homepage_node.html） 和全球陆地（不包括南极洲和格陵兰岛）对全球168个主要河流流域进行了计算。
", "ds_quality": "我们将我们的结果与四个辅助的全球ET数据集和以前的区域研究进行了比较，然后对不确定性、其可能的来源以及限制它们的潜在方法进行了严格的讨论。全球ET-WB的季节周期呈单峰分布，分别在7月和1月最高（中值：每月65.61毫米）和最低（中值：每月36.11毫米），不同子集的分布范围约为每月±10毫米。辅助ET产品显示出类似的年内特征，但有一些高估或低估，这完全在ET-WB集合的范围内。我们发现，从2003年到2010年，全球ET-WB逐渐增加，随后在2010-2015年期间下降，随后在其余年份大幅减少，这主要归因于降水的变化。多项统计指标显示，在大多数流域中，月ET-WB的准确性相当好（例如，相对偏差为±20%），这在年度尺度上有所改善。长期平均年ET-WB在500-600毫米内变化−1并且与四种辅助 ET 产物一致（543–569 mm yr-1)观测到的趋势估计，虽然在区域上存在差异，但证明在气候变暖的情况下，外星人正在增加。目前的数据集可能有助于以水资源管理为中心的几项科学评估，以造福整个社会。
", "ds_acq_start_time": "2002-01-01 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2021-12-31 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "全球", "ds_acq_lon_east": 140.0, "ds_acq_lat_south": 20.0, "ds_acq_lon_west": 70.0, "ds_acq_lat_north": 60.0, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "open-access", "ds_total_size": 1410950849, "ds_files_count": 2, "ds_format": "nc、shp", "ds_space_res": null, "ds_time_res": "", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "", "ds_thumbnail": "b61a2808-cf0d-40cf-916d-adea7b8ab3d9.png", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "0a4269e1-65f4-45f1-aeba-88ea3068eebf", "ds_serv_man": "敏玉芳", "ds_serv_phone": "0931-4967596", "ds_serv_mail": "ncdc@lzb.ac.cn", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.45" ], "quality_level": 3, "publish_time": "2024-04-26 15:09:28", "last_updated": "2025-06-30 16:18:08", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "11738.11.NCDC.ZENODO.DB6440.2024", "i18n": { "en": { "title": "ET-WB: water balance-based estimations of terrestrial evaporation over global land and major global basins", "ds_format": "nc、shp", "ds_source": "Three global datasets based on field observations were collected, including the Climate Research Unit Time Series (CRU TS) database, the Global Precipitation Climatology Center (GPCC) project, and the unified dataset of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Prediction Center (CPC Unified). These data typically rely on point scale rain gauges collected from around the world to interpolate gridded global products.\nIn order to enrich our research, six remote sensing products were collected, namely Multi Satellite Integrated Retrieval (IMERG) for global precipitation measurement, Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP), Estimation of Precipitation Climate Data Record from Remote Sensing Information Using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN-CDR), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission with 3B43 algorithm, Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP), Estimation of Precipitation Climate Data Record from Remote Sensing Information Using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN-CDR), Tropical Rainfall Measurement Task using 3B43 algorithm (TRMM 3B43), Global Precipitation Satellite Mapping (GSMaP) and Climate Data Record using 3B43 algorithm. Disaster team infrared precipitation and station data (CHIRPS).
", "ds_quality": "We compared our results with four auxiliary global ET datasets and previous regional studies, and then rigorously discussed uncertainties, their possible sources, and potential methods to limit them. The seasonal cycle of global ET-WB shows a unimodal distribution, with the highest (median: 65.61 millimeters per month) and lowest (median: 36.11 millimeters per month) in July and January, respectively. The distribution range of different subsets is approximately ± 10 millimeters per month. The auxiliary ET products exhibit similar characteristics within the year, but with some overestimation or underestimation, which is entirely within the scope of the ET-WB set. We found that from 2003 to 2010, the global ET-WB gradually increased, then decreased during the period of 2010-2015, and then significantly decreased in other years, mainly due to changes in precipitation. Multiple statistical indicators show that in most watersheds, the accuracy of monthly ET-WB is quite good (e.g. relative deviation of ± 20%), which has improved on an annual scale. The long-term average annual ET-WB varies within 500-600 millimeters by -1 and is consistent with the observed trend estimates of four auxiliary ET products (543-569 mm yr-1). Although there are regional differences, it proves that aliens are increasing in the context of climate warming. The current dataset may contribute to several scientific assessments centered on water resource management for the benefit of the entire society.
", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_abstract": "Evaporation (ET) is an important component of the water cycle and serves as a link between the global water cycle, energy cycle, and carbon cycle. Therefore, precise quantification of evapotranspiration is crucial for understanding various Earth system processes and subsequent social applications. The existing evapotranspiration retrieval methods either have limited spatiotemporal coverage or are largely influenced by input data selection, simplified model physics, or a combination of both. Here, we have developed a water balance based evapotranspiration dataset (ET-WB) using an independent conservation of mass method for global land and selected 168 major watersheds. We utilized multi-source datasets from satellite products, in-situ measurements, reanalysis, and hydrological simulations (23 precipitation datasets, 29 runoff datasets, and 7 reserve change datasets) to generate 4669 probability based unique combinations of evapotranspiration datasets between May 2002 and December 2021.
", "ds_time_res": "", "ds_acq_place": "Global", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_projection": "", "ds_process_way": "Generate the ET-WB dataset using the land water balance method.\nThrough the Global Runoff Data Center (GRDC), https://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/Home/homepage_node.html ）Calculations were conducted on 168 major river basins worldwide, excluding Antarctica and Greenland.
", "ds_ref_instruction": "" } }, "submit_center_id": "ncdc", "data_level": 0, "license_type": "CC BY 4.0", "doi_reg_from": "reg_outside", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_outside", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "ds_topic_tags": [ "蒸发 （ET）", "水循环", "水平衡方程", "皮尔逊相关系数", "均方根误差" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "地理学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "全球" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 ], "ds_contributors": [ { "true_name": "潘云", "email": "pan@cnu.edu.cn", "work_for": "首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院", "country": "中国" } ], "ds_meta_authors": [ { "true_name": "潘云", "email": "pan@cnu.edu.cn", "work_for": "首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院", "country": "中国" } ], "ds_managers": [ { "true_name": "潘云", "email": "pan@cnu.edu.cn", "work_for": "首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院", "country": "中国" } ], "category": "生态" }