该数据集包含了2015年1月1日至2015年12月31日黑河文气象观测网上游垭口站气象要素观测数据。站点位于青海省祁连县大冬树垭口，下垫面是高寒草甸。观测点的经纬度是100.2421E, 38.0142N，海拔4148m。发布的数据包括两个观测点，均在垭口观测站，相距10m左右，一套在2015年持续进行观测（30min输出），另一套为2015年9月18日在垭口新建的10m高气象站（10min输出），具体包括：空气温度、相对湿度传感器架设在5m处，朝向正北（两组观测，分别10min和30min输出）；气压计安装在地面上的防撬箱内（两组观测，分别10min和30min输出）；翻斗式雨量计安装在10m处；风速与风向传感器架设在10m，朝向正北（两组，分别10min和30min输出）；四分量辐射仪包含两个观测点，其中一个安装在气象塔6m处，朝向正南（10min输出），另一个安装在离地1.5m高的支架上（30min输出）；两个红外温度计安装在6m处，朝向正南，探头朝向是垂直向下；土壤温度探头埋设在地表0cm和地下4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、80cm、120cm、160cm处（两组观测，分别10min和30min输出）；土壤水分探头埋设在地下4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、80cm、120cm、160cm处（两组观测，分别10min和30min输出）；土壤热流板埋设在地下6cm处（两组观测，分别10min（3块热流板）和30min（2块热流板）输出）。
\n观测项目有：空气温湿度（Ta_5m、RH_5m）(单位：摄氏度、百分比)、气压（Press）(单位：百帕)、降水量（Rain）(单位：毫米)、风速（WS_10m）(单位：米/秒)、风向（WD_10m）(单位：度)、四分量辐射（DR、UR、DLR_Cor、ULR_Cor、Rn）(单位：瓦/平方米)、地表辐射温度（IRT_1、IRT_2）(单位：摄氏度)、土壤热通量（Gs_1、Gs_2、Gs_3）(单位：瓦/平方米)、土壤温度（Ts_0cm、Ts_4cm、Ts_10cm、Ts_20cm、Ts_40cm、Ts_80cm、Ts_120cm、Ts_160cm）(单位：摄氏度)、土壤水分（Ms_4cm、Ms_10cm、Ms_20cm、Ms_40cm、Ms_80cm、Ms_120cm、Ms_160cm）(单位：体积含水量，百分比)。
\n观测数据的处理与质量控制：（1）确保每天144或48个数据（每10min或30min），若出现数据的缺失，则由-6999标示；30min输出的四分量长波辐射在2015.1.1-4.1之间由于传感器的问题，数据缺失；30min观测数据在5.24-7.12之间由于采集器问题，数据缺失。（2）剔除有重复记录的时刻；（3）删除了明显超出物理意义或超出仪器量程的数据；（4）数据中以红字标示的部分为有疑问的数据；（5）日期和时间的格式统一，并且日期、时间在同一列。如，时间为：2015-9-10 10:30；（6）命名规则为：AWS+站点名称。
\n水文气象网或站点信息请参考Liu et al. (2018)，观测数据处理请参考Liu et al. (2011)。。
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