%0 Dataset %T Temperature Condition Index (TCI), Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), Vegetation Health Index (VHI), and Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) Annual 1 km Resolution Dataset for the Yellow River Basin (2003-2022) %J National Cryosphere Desert Data Center %I National Cryosphere Desert Data Center(www.ncdc.ac.cn) %U http://www.ncdc.ac.cn/portal/metadata/8b05becd-12cd-47ad-acdf-12ecf7158ba5 %W NCDC %R 10.57760/sciencedb.09116 %A xiahaoming %K Yellow River Basin;Vegetation Condition Index;VCI %X The Yellow River Basin is mostly characterized by arid and semi-arid climates, with inherently inadequate water resources. It is the most severely affected basin by drought among the major river basins in China. With global environmental and climatic changes, droughts in the Yellow River Basin have become more frequent, and research on drought monitoring in this basin has become a hot topic of current interest. This dataset is based on MODIS vegetation and land surface temperature products. Through quality control processes such as cloud removal and reconstruction for annual data, annual datasets of Temperature Condition Index (TCI), Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), Vegetation Health Index (VHI), and Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) for the Yellow River Basin from 2003 to 2022 have been produced. The spatial scope of this dataset is 32°10′N–41°50′N, 95°53′E–119°05′E, with a data format of GeoTiff and a spatial resolution of 1 km. Compared to other drought index datasets.This dataset can represent the drought patterns in the Yellow River Basin on an annual timescale and reflect the trends of drought changes in the basin over a time series, providing basic data support for drought disaster monitoring in the Yellow River Basin.