The Taklamakan Desert Atmospheric Environment Observation and Testing Station was established by the Urumqi Desert Meteorological Research Institute of the China Meteorological Administration in 2003. In 2018, it was selected as one of the first field scientific experimental bases of the China Meteorological Administration and named the Taklamakan Desert Meteorological Field Scientific Experimental Base. The base is located in the Tazhong area of the Taklamakan Desert in Xinjiang, China. It is currently the only atmospheric environment observation and testing base in the world that has penetrated more than 200km deep into the mobile desert hinterland. It has representative and reference value for the study of land atmosphere interactions, sandstorm processes and disasters, and desert ecological meteorology on the underlying surface of mobile deserts in China and the world. It is an ideal natural experimental site for studying the physical processes of the atmospheric boundary layer in mobile deserts, desert atmospheric environment, and desert land surface processes. The specific research directions include the interaction between land and air in deserts, the study of sandstorm processes and disasters, and the development and application of desert ecological meteorological detection technology.