This dataset is provided by the National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Mudflow in Dongchuan, Yunnan. It covers detailed observation data related to the Jiangjiagou debris flow in Dongchuan, Yunnan from 1961 to 2024, recording 278 debris flow events, 17001 debris flow kinematic parameters, and physical and mechanical parameters of debris flows, such as debris flow grading data, yield stress, and debris flow slurry viscosity data. In addition, the dataset also includes microseismic monitoring data of debris flows, elevation measurement data of channel sections, and real-time video data of debris flows. In addition to debris flow related data, the dataset also includes meteorological data, minute rainfall monitoring data, soil moisture temperature data, runoff sediment concentration data, and runoff community monitoring data. These data can provide key data support for in-depth research on the initiation, transport, and accumulation processes of debris flows, and can also be used to validate relevant numerical models, providing strong data support for practical applications such as debris flow monitoring, warning, and risk management.