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Yellow River Data Center officially launched services
National Cryosphere Data Center, in order to deeply implement the important instructions of General Secretary Xi Jinping on the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, focusing on the common construction and sharing of scientific data elements in the Yellow River Basin and empowering the development of the Basin, promotes the common construction and sharing of scientific data in nine provinces and regions of the Basin, innovates the application scenarios of scientific data, and carries out the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin by means of the idea of horizontal synergy and vertical linkage. Scientific data widely empowers the actual and helps the development of digital economy in the Yellow River Basin. For this reason the National Cryosphere Data Center launched the construction of the Yellow River Basin Scientific Data Open Sharing Alliance in 2022, which consists of more than sixty domestic fraternal units such as the Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Henan University, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Upper and Middle Reaches of the Yellow River Management Bureau, the Yellow River Laboratory, the Yellow River Academy, and other domestic units, to build the Yellow River Basin Scientific Data Open Sharing Alliance. It is reported that the alliance takes the construction of the Yellow River Data Center as a hand, comprehensively carries out the construction of basic scientific data and thematic data products for the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, promotes the realization of scientific data in the Yellow River Basin from passive sharing to active sharing, and provides a new mode of service for the sharing and application of scientific data in the Yellow River Basin through the establishment of the data-sharing platform with the integration of data, computation and service. At present, the Yellow River Data Center (website: http://huanghe.ncdc.ac.cn) has carried out the scientific classification of the Yellow River Basin, systematic scientific data collection and processing, and thematic data product preparation, and initially constructed natural science data such as water, soil, air and life of the Yellow River Basin, humanities and socio-economic data, and various types of research modeling resources, which are aimed to support the effective management of soil erosion, water pollution and water-sand-regulation, water pollution, and water-sand-dispersion. In order to effectively support the research and decision-making needs of soil erosion and management, water pollution and water-sand regulation, tributary sustainable carrying capacity assessment, river safety and flood disaster analysis, shoreline ecological protection and restoration, watershed and estuarine wetland protection, cultural protection and inheritance, transformation of old and new kinetic energies, and high-quality economic and social development, the center has constructed more than 1,000 thematic datasets in 20 categories and 174 subcategories, which generally include basic geographic data, climatic data, hydrological data and other data of the Yellow River Basin. Geographic data, climate data, hydrological water resources data, glacial permafrost snow data, watershed wetland data, watershed grassland data, watershed soil and water conservation management data, watershed sand data, watershed ecological environmental protection data, watershed natural resources data, watershed water conservancy and hydropower engineering data, watershed social development data, watershed economic data, watershed culture and tourism data, watershed agriculture data, watershed animal husbandry data, watershed industrial data, watershed urban development data, watershed carrying capacity data, and watershed natural disaster data. Next, the Yellow River Data Center will invoke privacy computing, blockchain, computational analysis services and other data security technologies to explore solutions to data security, data rights and other long-standing problems plaguing the circulation and utilization of data under the premise of safeguarding the rights and interests of all parties contributing to the data; and through the alliance's role as a link across the Yellow River in a number of provinces and districts, to join efforts to build a high-capacity Yellow River data-sharing platform, to enrich the Yellow River Basin's basic scientific data resources, research and development of data mining and analytical technologies, to support the empowerment of the field of high-quality data products, and to build a Yellow River Basin Big Data Corridor together to promote the Yellow River Basin East-Middle East data innovation and cooperation and interactive integration and development of the digital economy.
Special topic on research and application demonstration data of key technology of snow support for events
The project is led by Wang Feiteng, a researcher from Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The projects are organized by Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Harbin Institute of Sport, Hebei Climate Center, Shandong Normal University, Yabli Sports Training Base of Heilongjiang Province, Zhangjiakou Carbin Ski Equipment Manufacturing Co., LTD., Huike Education Technology Group Co., LTD., Miyuan (Zhangjiakou) Tourist Resort Co., LTD The family unit jointly undertakes to form an integrated innovation team combining production, university and research. Snow events are the "highlight" of the Winter Olympics, accounting for 70% of the total gold MEDALS. The snow support technology is an important foundation and prerequisite for the success of the Beijing Winter Olympics snow events. The key technology is reflected in a series of snow work such as snow making, snow storage, snow laying, snow quality monitoring and forecasting and related remedial measures. The project plans to develop an integrated solution suitable for the development of China's ice and snow industry through the establishment of a joint team consisting of scientific research institutes, ice and snow universities, ski resorts and enterprises, aiming at snowmaking, snow storage, snow quality assurance and track maintenance of ski resorts. On the one hand, it provides technical support for the snow events of the Winter Olympic Games, and on the other hand, it aims to promote China's snow work to be in line with international standards. And serve the strategic goal of China's ice and snow industry "South exhibition west expansion east" in the post-Olympic era. A total of 12 data sets were released in this project, including experimental data of snowmaking system, meteorological data of China's three major ski resorts, snow bank data of ski jumping platform, meteorological observation data of Zhangjiakou Competition area, etc. The project takes the ski resort of the Beijing Winter Olympics and several other ski resorts as the research object. Through observation, experiment and numerical simulation, it carries out the research and development of key technologies such as the judgment, monitoring and prediction of the track snow quality, the production of the ice-like snow track, the storage of snow by various means, and the research and development of the high-efficiency snow making model and the snowmaking package.
Special topic on research and application demonstration data of key technology of snow support for events
Research on key technology of polar cold sea drilling
This project is led by the Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute of China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (PERTIC), and consists of Sinopec Group International Petroleum Exploration and Development Co. Aiming at the major scientific problem of solid and fluid parameter characteristics and change mechanism under extremely low temperature conditions, the project focuses on solving the problems of low temperature adaptability of polar cold sea drilling equipments and tools, drilling fluids and cementing water slurry, and drilling process. With the help of experiments and theoretical analysis and other means, focus on exploring the acoustic response characteristics of shallow hazards and the influence law of shallow geological hazards on wellhead safety and well wall stability, etc., and constructing the identification, evaluation and safety control technology of shallow risks of polar drilling; using theoretical analysis and numerical simulation and other means, research on the regional heating method, the layout method of the heating equipment, and the method of regional explosion prevention under the conditions of antifreeze and heat preservation, so as to form a platform anti-freezing and heat preservation methods and efficient utilization of thermal energy; at the same time, combined with indoor experiments, study the response characteristics of geotechnical acoustic parameters in permafrost, establish a prediction model for geotechnical/rock mechanical parameters in permafrost, establish a model for drilling fluid - permafrost stratum mass and heat transfer and a solution method, and analyze the mechanism of well wall instability under the condition of large temperature change.
Research on key technology of polar cold sea drilling
Development of small and energy-saving desert brackish water membrane desalination process and equipment development
The data results of the national key R&D program "Development of Small and energy-saving Desert Bracky water membrane Desalination Process and Equipment Development (2017YFE0114200)", chaired by Associate Professor Du Runhong of Tianjin University of Technology, are officially released on the National Cryosphere Data Center (www.ncdc.ac.cn) and are available for download. A total of 22 data sets have been released in this project, including data on the change of lake water recovery rate with lake salt content, total dissolved solids of lake water, nanofiltration hardness removal rate of lake water, water quality data, concentrated brine treatment data of lake water desalination system, sludge density index data of lake water pretreatment, etc. In order to solve the problem of brackish water desalination in arid and semi-arid areas, a reasonable process and equipment design basis are proposed.
Development of small and energy-saving desert brackish water membrane desalination process and equipment development
National Cryosphere Data Center 2020 Open Fund Project Data set
The National Cryosphere Data Center(NCDC) supported 10 open grants in 2020, focusing on glacial tundra and desert snowpack thematic data preparation, data production and technology, and data fusion and integration methodology research, etc. The outputs of the resultant data mainly include the depth of snowpack in Xinjiang, the change of glacier surface elevation and the speed of surface movement in Karakorum Mountains Basin, the mid-stream flow line of glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau, the spatial distribution of albedo during melting period of Altai Mountains Basin glaciers, and so on. Spatial distribution of albedo during the ablation period.
National Cryosphere Data Center 2020 Open Fund Project Data set
Cold resource data in Genhe City, Inner Mongolia
The "China Cold Pole" cold resource Technology Innovation Center, giving play to the brand advantages of "China Cold Pole" and "near the Arctic", is committed to the knowledge and technology research of cold resources, cold energy and cold environment, and the transformation of research results, and explores the value transformation of cold resource ecological products in Hulunbuir City. We will continue to serve the major strategic needs of the country, advance the layout of various types of Arctic engineering research and technology applications, explore and study climate change, environmental protection, scientific research and development and other issues, and gradually establish a national technological innovation center. The reply of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment to the suggestion of Zhou Yizhe, a representative of the National People's Congress, is as follows: It is necessary to carry out the basic information investigation of ecological products, find out the quality and quantity of various ecological products, form a catalogue and list of ecological products, and build two evaluation systems for the total value of ecological products in administrative areas and the value of ecological products in specific regional units for different paths to realize the value of ecological products. The Ministry of Natural Resources attaches great importance to the protection and utilization of frozen soil, and has carried out relevant investigations, studies and monitoring. Form an industrial support system such as "Ecological ten cultural tourism, ecological ten green product processing, ecological ten emerging industries", and promote the special development of traditional industries. This topic is based on the meteorological data of cold resources in Genhe City, the report of Hulunbuir Meteorological Bureau on the proposal of building "China's polar Science experiment highland", and the reply of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment on the suggestion of Zhou Yizhe, a deputy to the National People's Congress, to provide basic data for the evaluation and research of cold resources in Genhe City through the artificial collection of temperature conditions.
Cold resource data in Genhe City, Inner Mongolia
Topics on desertification degraded grassland management technology and demonstration data
Led by Prof. Liang Cunzhu from Inner Mongolia University, this project was carried out in collaboration with Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Ningxia University, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Mengcao Eco-Environment (Group) Co., LTD., Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and other units. In view of the serious degradation of grassland in northern China, the ecological security and the weakening of grassland production function, and the underdeveloped ecological animal husbandry and ecological industry, the comprehensive management technology and policy of desertification and degraded grassland are developed and demonstrated. Through the restoration and sustainable utilization of degraded grassland, the win-win or all-win situation of environment improvement and people's prosperity is achieved. The topic takes steppe, desert steppe and natural grassland in central and western Inner Mongolia as the main research area, takes desertification grassland degradation mechanism and ecosystem service assessment as the basis, focuses on degraded grassland restoration, ecological animal husbandry and grass industry development technology research and development and demonstration, and takes ecological industry technology integration and demonstration as the main innovation. Technology demonstration and technology extension as the main results of the transformation mechanism of the project research. A total of 32 datasets have been released in this project, including data on regional climate, vegetation, soil and grazing experiments of desertification grassland in Inner Mongolia, Gansu and Ningxia. Technology systems suitable for service evaluation of different degraded grassland ecosystems have been developed, and service functions such as productivity, carbon storage, windbreak and sand fixation, and tourism of grassland ecosystems at different degraded levels have been systematically evaluated. To provide an evaluation system for the graded management and sustainable use of degraded grassland. This research not only has important theoretical significance, but also has important application prospect.
Topics on desertification degraded grassland management technology and demonstration data
Research data on key technologies of ecological environment assessment, early warning and monitoring in Qilian Mountain Nature Reserve
Recently, the data output of the national key Research and Development Plan "Research on Key Technologies of Ecological Environment Assessment, Early Warning and Monitoring in Qilian Mountain Nature Reserve (2019YFC0507400)" project was officially released and available for download on the National Cryosphere Data Center(www.ncdc.ac.cn). Warmly welcome the majority of scientific researchers to pay attention to and obtain data. The project is led by Zhao Wenzhi, a researcher from The Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, with the participation of Lanzhou University, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi 'an Jiaotong University and other research institutions and universities. The research contents of the project include: assessing the impact mechanism of climate change and human activities on the ecological environment of Qilian Mountain Nature Reserve; The evaluation method and technology of ecological environment quality of nature reserve should be established. The future climate and human activity scenarios of nature reserves should be formulated, ecological environment change early warning models should be built, and early warning technologies should be developed to form early warning platforms. Establish a technical system for monitoring, assessment and early warning of nature reserves, and put forward management measures. The project elucidates the distribution pattern of endangered species and key ecosystems in the Qilian Mountain Nature Reserve, reveals the law of ecological environment evolution, and quantifies the impacts of climate change and human activities on the nature reserve. The health, stability and vulnerability of ecosystem were evaluated, and the technology and method of ecological environment quality evaluation were put forward. The key ecological and environmental problems are identified, and the early-warning methods and technologies are constructed. The key technology of ecological environment monitoring has been developed, and an integrated monitoring system of "space-ground" has been built, forming a demonstration zone. The technical system of assessment, early warning, monitoring and management of nature reserve is integrated, and the management method is put forward. This project released a total of 35 data sets, including meteorological, biological observation, ecosystem stability assessment and other data content in the Qilian Mountains. In view of the scientific and technological needs of the management and operation of the protected areas, the project predicted the impact of climate change on the protected areas, established the technical system of monitoring, assessment and early warning of the protected areas, and put forward management measures to provide technical support for the management and operation of the nature reserves and national parks.
Research data on key technologies of ecological environment assessment, early warning and monitoring in Qilian Mountain Nature Reserve
Meteorological-Snow and Permafrost Thematic Data Set of the Two Rivers Source Areas in Altai Mountains at Cocotocai Station
The Cocotohai Cryosphere Observation and Research Station (Cocotohai Station), located in Cocotohai Town, Fuyun County, Xinjiang, was established in August 2011, and in 2020, it entered the field station construction sequence of the State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science. Up to now, Cocotohai Station has formed a systematic field observation network covering the two river source areas of Altai Mountains, with snow and permafrost monitoring as the main part. The field observation sites of CocoTokai Station are mainly located in the south slope of Altai Mountains, and the source areas of the Irtysh and Ulungu Rivers (the two river source areas). This area is located in the area of strong action of the westerly wind and the Arctic polar vortex, and belongs to the Arctic Ocean water system (the Irtysh River is the only river in our country that flows into the Arctic Ocean), and is the demarcation line between the arid zone of Central Asia and the cold zone of Siberia in the Arctic. The southern slope of Altai Mountains is one of the three major snow areas in China, and also the southern boundary region of the northern hemisphere latitude perennial permafrost, rich snow and permafrost resources significantly affect the Altai Mountains and even the northern border region of water and ecological environment security. For this reason, with the joint support of the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, the State Key Laboratory of Permafrost Engineering, the National Glacier, Permafrost and Desert Science Data Center, the Two Rivers Nature Reserve of Altay Mountains in Xinjiang, the Altay Hydrographic Survey Bureau, and the Erqis River Basin Construction Management Bureau, the Cocotocai Station has carried out systematic monitoring of meteorology, snowpack, and permafrost in the Altay Mountains and Two Rivers area, and has accumulated a wealth of data and information. The field monitoring platform of the Cocotocai Station will provide basic scientific research data support for the prevention and control of snowmelt floods in the Irtysh River Basin, the efficient utilization of water resources in the northern Xinjiang region, and the monitoring and protection of the ecological environment of the Altai Mountains.
Meteorological-Snow and Permafrost Thematic Data Set of the Two Rivers Source Areas in Altai Mountains at Cocotocai Station
Data set of 30 minutes land surface process observation in the source lake of the Yellow River
The data released this time is a 30-minute land surface process observation dataset of the source lake of the Yellow River, mainly from three observation points in the Ealing Lake basin. Ling Lake is the largest freshwater lake on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Together with the neighboring Zhaling Lake, it forms a "sister lake" at the source of the Yellow River, and is listed on the list of internationally important wetlands. It is also the core area of Sanjiangyuan National Park. Since 2010, the Ruoergai Station has set up three observation points on grassland, lake surface and lakeside in the Ealing Lake basin, and carried out long-term positioning monitoring, including turbulence flux, radiation flux and conventional meteorological elements, soil water and heat, as well as irregular monitoring of atmospheric boundary layer and lake thermal processes, forming a relatively complete observation system of atmospheric interaction in plateau lakes. The data released this time range from 2012 to 2019, with a time resolution of 30 minutes, aims to provide a basis for the observation and analysis of lake land surface processes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the evaluation and development of numerical simulation.
Data set of 30 minutes land surface process observation in the source lake of the Yellow River
Key Technologies and Demonstration of Desertification Prevention and Control in Semi-Arid Desert Areas in Northern China
This project takes the stable restoration of sandy land as the primary goal. Based on the comprehensive study of the biological and physical processes of desertification, the project establishes an ecological kinetic model for the sandy land system in semi-arid deserts with the coupling of hydrology-soil-vegetation-wind erosion, analyzes the ecological mechanism of sandy land development and restoration, and constructs a database on the dynamics of sandy land in semi-arid deserts in northern China. We will analyze the ecological mechanism of development and restoration of sandy land, construct a database on the dynamics of sandy land in semi-arid desert areas in northern China, and elucidate the trend of evolution of sandy land. We will assess the carrying capacity of soil, moisture and vegetation in semi-arid desert ecosystems to maintain stability, explore the biological process and regulatory mechanism of stable restoration, identify the ecological thresholds for stable restoration of different sandy lands, form a technical system for assessing the health of semi-arid desert ecosystems based on the carrying thresholds, and put forward key biotechnologies to realize the stable restoration of sandy land. Construct an industrialized model of sandy land management in semi-arid desert areas with the main line of "scientific and technological support - ecological restoration - industrial development - social progress", and establish industrialized application demonstration bases for sand control and prevention adapted to regional characteristics in the Maowusu Sand, the eastern part of the Qubuzi Desert, the central and western part of the Horqin Sand and the Hulunbeier Sand. It will set up demonstration bases for industrialization and application of sand control and prevention to meet regional characteristics, and realize significant comprehensive ecological, economic and social benefits.
Key Technologies and Demonstration of Desertification Prevention and Control in Semi-Arid Desert Areas in Northern China
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New Models
Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS)
The hydrological unstructured domain simulator (shud) is a multi process, multi-scale hydrological model, in which the main hydrological processes are fully coupled by the semi discrete finite volume method (FVM). Continuous applications of the shud model include hydrological analysis of slope at regional scale, water resources and stormwater management, as well as interdisciplinary research on lacustrine issues, agriculture, geochemistry, geomorphology, water quality, ecology, climate and land use change. The advantage of shud lies in its flexibility. It is a scientific and resource evaluation tool that needs modeling and simulation.
Simulator for Hydrologic Unstructured Domains, SHUD
A large number of reservoir inflow with preserved data, spillway discharge and discharge of breach ditch (unstable flow with sediment transport capacity) formed along erosion are comprehensively applied in the model. It is assumed that the slope ratio at the bottom of the breach is basically the same as that at the downstream of the dam. The development of breach ditch depends on the material properties of dam body (D50 size, unit weight, friction angle, bond strength). The model takes into account the following possible complexities: 1) the material properties of the dam core and the outside of the dam are different; 2) before the real breach caused by overtopping flow is formed, the erosion ditch along the downstream slope surface of the dam is determined; 3) the downstream slope of the dam may be covered with grass or contain materials larger than the external components of the dam; 4) the shear strength and cohesive force are exceeded The results show that more than one sudden structural collapse mechanism is enlarged due to the hydrostatic pressure; 5) the width of the breach obtained from the slope stability theory is enlarged; 6) the free surface breach flow is developed by piping, which causes the collapse; and 7) the non cohesive material (gravel) or cohesive material (clay) may be carried away by erosion. The discharge water level hydrograph is obtained by time step iterative method, which can be completed in only a few seconds on a main computer. The model is not constrained by numerical stability and convergence stability.
Dam break model of breach earth rock dam
The sand pile avalanche model simulates the occurrence of avalanches in sand and plots the frequency of these avalanches. With the increase of sand particles, the shape and size of sand pile are easy to model. But even though the shape of the pile is conical, a new grain of sand can also trigger avalanches. Some sand particles fall off the cone. And because these avalanches are unpredictable, it's impossible to predict whether the next grain of sand will lead to avalanches.
Sand Pile Avalanche Model
Science Popularization
Pole region

In most parts of the Antarctic and Arctic, the temperature rarely rises above 0 ℃. The frozen landscape there is made up of different types of ice.

Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The Qinghai Tibet Plateau is the largest plateau in China and the highest altitude in the world, known as the 'roof of the world' and 'the third pole'.

Atmosphere

The atmosphere is the air that surrounds the earth. But the weather, speaking from the phenomenon, is mostly the result of the moisture change in the atmosphere.

Debris flow

Debris flow refers to the special torrent which is caused by rainstorm, Blizzard or other natural disasters and carries a large amount of sediment and stones in mountainous areas or other ravines and steep terrain areas.

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