This project is led by the Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute of China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (PERTIC), and consists of Sinopec Group International Petroleum Exploration and Development Co. Aiming at the major scientific problem of solid and fluid parameter characteristics and change mechanism under extremely low temperature conditions, the project focuses on solving the problems of low temperature adaptability of polar cold sea drilling equipments and tools, drilling fluids and cementing water slurry, and drilling process. With the help of experiments and theoretical analysis and other means, focus on exploring the acoustic response characteristics of shallow hazards and the influence law of shallow geological hazards on wellhead safety and well wall stability, etc., and constructing the identification, evaluation and safety control technology of shallow risks of polar drilling; using theoretical analysis and numerical simulation and other means, research on the regional heating method, the layout method of the heating equipment, and the method of regional explosion prevention under the conditions of antifreeze and heat preservation, so as to form a platform anti-freezing and heat preservation methods and efficient utilization of thermal energy; at the same time, combined with indoor experiments, study the response characteristics of geotechnical acoustic parameters in permafrost, establish a prediction model for geotechnical/rock mechanical parameters in permafrost, establish a model for drilling fluid - permafrost stratum mass and heat transfer and a solution method, and analyze the mechanism of well wall instability under the condition of large temperature change.