Soil and water conservation is the lifeline of mountain development, the basis of land consolidation and river management, the basis of national economic and social development, and a basic national policy that we must adhere to for a long time. This topic collected years of observation and monitoring data of Xiaxifeng, Tianshui and Suide water and soil conservation management supervision bureaus and Yellow River Water and soil Conservation ecological Environment Monitoring Center of the Upper and Middle reaches of the Yellow River Administration. It mainly includes the long-term observation data of runoff and sediment, rainfall, runoff field, standard plot and the survey report data of vegetation and underlying surface at Xifeng, Tianshui and Suide observation stations. Data resources of land use, vegetation cover and soil erosion in key areas of the Yellow River Basin.