Integrated Remote Sensing Observation Joint Experiment of Eco-Hydrological Process in Heihe River Basin (hereinafter referred to as "Heihe Ecohydrological Remote sensing Experiment") is the core scientific objective of integrated eco-hydrological research in Heihe River Basin, based on the established observation system in Heihe River Basin and the results of the "Integrated Remote Sensing Joint Experiment of Heihe River Basin" carried out from 2007 to 2009. A multi-scale comprehensive observation experiment with satellite, aerial remote sensing and ground observation will be carried out in the Heihe River Basin from 2012 to 2015. The objective of the experiment is to significantly improve the observation capability of basin ecology and hydrological processes, establish an internationally leading basin observation system, and improve the application capability of remote sensing in the integrated study of basin ecology and hydrology and water resources management. "Heihe Ecohydrology Remote sensing Experiment" takes Heihe River basin, which is characterized by high cold and arid region, as the experimental area. Located between 97.1 ~ 102.0°E and 37.7 ~ 42.7°N, this basin is the second largest inland river basin in China, originating in the middle of Qilian Mountains, reaching the border of China and Mongolia in the north, bordered by Shiyang River basin in the east and Shule River basin in the west, with a total area of 143,000 km2. The Heihe Ecohydrology remote sensing experiment consists of basic experiment, special experiment, application experiment, product and method research and information system. At the same time, it will cooperate with the "Heihe Plan" project and other related projects to carry out joint observation, complement each other's advantages, jointly form a basin observation system, and jointly carry out applied research. In the Heihe River basin, three key experimental areas were selected to carry out enhanced and long-term observation experiments, namely, the cold area in the upper reaches, the artificial oasis area in the middle reaches and the natural oasis area in the lower reaches. In the above three key test areas, core observation areas, observation cells and observation (sampling) units were nested according to different test targets to carry out multi-scale observation experiments. The main output data of this project include: multi-scale observation experiment of surface evapotranspiration on heterogeneous underlying surface - flux observation matrix data, soil observation data of Heihe River Basin, hydrometeorological observation data, coverage and biomass observation data in the middle reaches, vegetation index data, leaf area index data, land use cover and remote sensing data, etc.