WOFOST is a single site simulation system developed by Wageningen University in the Netherlands. A dynamic interpretative model based on process was developed to simulate crop growth process under the influence of climate and other environmental factors (such as soil water and fertilizer), such as photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, leaf area change, dry matter distribution and yield formation. The model can simulate crop growth process and crop yield under three conditions: sufficient water and fertilizer supply (potential growth condition), water limitation (rain fed condition) and nutrient limitation (insufficient supply of N, P, K).

PRMs is a modular design modeling system for assessing the impacts of various combinations of precipitation, climate and land use on surface runoff, sediment yield and general watershed hydrology.

The sand pile avalanche model simulates the occurrence of avalanches in sand and plots the frequency of these avalanches. With the increase of sand particles, the shape and size of sand pile are easy to model. But even though the shape of the pile is conical, a new grain of sand can also trigger avalanches. Some sand particles fall off the cone. And because these avalanches are unpredictable, it's impossible to predict whether the next grain of sand will lead to avalanches.

SPARE:WATER It is a spatial decision support system for estimating water consumption of agricultural production system. It is a stand-alone software application that integrates a database for mathematical models and graphical user interfaces (GUIs) for estimating crop water requirements. The software realizes the function of GIS, which is used to manage spatial data based on open source spatial database.

Integrated water flow model is a computer program used to simulate the flow of land surface, surface water and groundwater. It is a rewrite of IGSM software. Iwfm program and source code are provided free of charge. It uses finite element method to simulate groundwater flow. Surface water flow can be simulated by a simple one-dimensional flow network or by moving wave method. Allows users to run models for a specific period of time while editing input files. Iwfm simulates four land use categories: agriculture, urban, native vegetation and riparian vegetation. Land use area is divided into a time series with corresponding evapotranspiration rate and water management parameters. In the agricultural and urban land use categories, iwfm applies surface water and groundwater according to a specific ratio, and can selectively adjust surface water and groundwater to meet water demand.