IHACRES model is a lumped conceptual rainfall runoff model based on unit hydrograph principle. It is composed of two basic modules in series: in the nonlinear module, rainfall is transformed into effective rainfall; in the linear module, effective rainfall is further transformed into runoff. The model is suitable for a series of spatial and temporal scales.

Modular ocean model (MOM) is a standard global ocean circulation model used by many researchers in the world. The origin of this model can be traced back to the community code originally developed by Kirk Bryan and Mike Cox in the 1960s, and many other global ocean models can be traced back to their origins. In the early 1990s, Ron pacanowski, Keith Dixon, and Tony Rosati redesigned the old code into a more modern format, while Steve griffies led the development of mom since 2000. However, mom is really a community code, and many people, both in gfdl and around the world, have made fundamental contributions to its successful development over the years.

Soil crop simulation model has become an effective tool to provide scientific basis for agricultural production and management decision-making. APSIM model was developed by Australian scientists to simulate various biological processes in agricultural system. In particular, the mechanism model of ecological and economic output of each component of the system under climate risk. APSIM has been verified and applied in soils with temperate continental climate, temperate marine climate, subtropical arid climate and Mediterranean climate zone, including clay, expansive soil, deformable soil, silty sandy soil, silty loam and silty clay loam, which can be used to simulate more than 20 crops such as wheat. APSIM model has good ability to describe crop structure and crop rotation sequence adjustment, crop yield, quality prediction and control, and soil water flow imbalance control under different planting patterns.

The development of the lean model and its application in several parts of the continental United States were managed by a team of faculty, staff and students at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign. Leam helps others understand the relationship between human economic / cultural activities and biophysical cycles from the perspective of changing land use. Understanding how one system affects another will enable us to make better land use management decisions in the future.