Measurements:

  (1) CE318 Solar Spectrophotometer Atmospheric Parameter Data: This dataset is an atmospheric parameter obtained from measurements using a solar spectrophotometer produced by CIMEL, France. The measurement location is Hua Zhai Zi desert sample plot 2. CE318 solar spectrophotometer can inversely perform the optical thickness, Rayleigh scattering, and aerosol optical thickness of the non-water vapor channel through the direct solar radiation measurement data, and the water vapor content of the atmospheric air column can be obtained by the water vapor channel 936 nm measurement data, and the horizontal visibility can also be derived from the CE318 data. The CE318 from Beijing Normal University was used in this measurement, which can provide the optical thickness in five bands, 1020nm, 936nm, 870nm, 670nm and 440nm, and can be used to invert the water vapor content of the atmospheric column using the 936nm measurement data. This data includes raw data and processed atmospheric data. The raw data are stored in the CE318 specific file format *.k7, which can be opened by ASTPWin software and accompanied by the description file ReadMe.txt; the processed file includes the optical thickness, Rayleigh scattering, aerosol optical thickness, horizontal visibility, and near-surface atmospheric temperature obtained by using the inversion of the raw data as well as the solar azimuth, zenith angle, sun-earth distance correction factor and the mass number of the atmospheric column. atmospheric column mass number. The data are saved in Excel format.

  (2) LI-6400 photosynthesizer data, the measurement object is the photosynthesis of maize in the corn field of Yingke Oasis, etc.. Its data include raw data and processed data. The raw data are saved in the instrument customized format, which can be opened by common software such as Notepad. The processed data are saved in Excel. The data parameters are shown in the data file.

(3) ASD spectrometer data. ASD (Analytical Sepctral Devices) spectrometer was utilized to measure the spectral data of Yingke Oasis cornfield and Huazhazi Desert Sample Plot 2. The measuring instrument of Yingke Oasis Cornfield was a spectrometer (350-2500 nm) from the Institute of Remote Sensing Application of Chinese Academy of Sciences (IRSA), and the sampling method was canopy vertical observation and strip observation; the measuring instrument of Huazhazi Desert Sample Plot 2 was a Beijing Academy of Agricultural Sciences (BAAAS) spectrometer (350-1603 nm), and the sampling method was vegetation (red sand) and bare soil vertical observation and strip observation. The data include raw data with recorded data and processed reflectance data. The raw data of this data are in ASD standard format, which can be opened with its own software ViewSpec. The processed reflectance data is saved in Excel format.

  (4) Vegetation cover data. The measurement object is corn and wheat in the corn field of PCG Oasis. Measurement method: Using the homemade coverage observer, the camera takes ground photos at a height of 2.5m to 3.5m from the ground, and at the same time places objects of known length (tape measure, bamboo pole, etc.) within the photo range to calibrate the size of the photo's area, and utilizes GPS to determine the location of the photo shoot, and records information related to the coverage, and the environment of the photo shoot. The coverage raw data consisted of two parts: the coverage optical photograph and the coverage data record. The LAB chromaticity space transformation technique was utilized to extract the green vegetation coverage of the optical photographs (refer to the coverage processing data). This data includes the vegetation image extracted by LAB chromaticity spatial transformation and the vegetation coverage data. The vegetation coverage data can be opened from Notepad.

  (5) Radiant temperature measured by thermal camera ThermaCAM SC2000. Measurements were made of the radiant temperature of corn, wheat and bare soil in the corn field of the PCG Oasis. The instrument acquires radiant temperature data with a field of view of 24° x 18° components and simultaneously takes optical photographs of the same field of view. The height of the thermal camera shot was approximately 1.2 m. This data includes raw data and records, and instrument blackbody calibration data. The raw data can be read using the accompanying processing software ThermaCAM Researcher 2001, or the data can be converted to other formats in this software and programmed to be read by the user. The instrument blackbody calibration data is stored in Excel format.

  (6) Radiant temperature measured by fixed self-recording point thermometer. The measurement sample plots were Yingke Oasis cornfield and Huazhazi desert cornfield, and Huazhazi desert sample plot 2. Among them, the Yingke Oasis cornfield had three instruments, and the object of measurement was the maize canopy and bare soil between ridges as well as the wheat canopy; the Huazhazi desert cornfield had one instrument, and the object of measurement was the maize canopy; and the Huazhazi desert sample plot 2 had two instruments, and the object of measurement was the vegetation (red sand) canopy and the bare soil of the desert. The field of view of the instruments is about 10°, vertical downward observation, sampling interval is 1 s. The height of the setup is shown in the data file. The specific emissivity of the instrument was set to 0.95, and this data consists of raw data and processed data corrected for blackbody calibration and specific emissivity. They are saved in Excel format.

  (7) Albedo data, the measurement object is the row sowing corn in the corn field of PCG Oasis. Measuring instrument contains the upper table voltage value of the short-wave table, the lower table voltage value, after the table's sensitivity coefficient is converted into albedo data. The relationship between the radius of the field of view R and the height of the probe H in the table below is: R = 10H. This data is stored in Excel.

  (8) LAI and other canopy structure data, the measurement sample site for the Yingke Oasis corn field. Measurements were made using a tape measure, tape measure, and straightedge to measure the maximum length and maximum width of each leaf blade of each plant of maize and wheat in the Yingke Oasis corn field. Leaf area indices were obtained using indoor scanning of conversion coefficients of true leaf area to maximum length and minimum width. This one day indoor coefficient was derived from the day's scanning data of the true area of leaves affixed to a hardboard. This data was saved in Excel.

  (9) Photosynthetically Active Radiation Ratio (FPAR: Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation) data were measured for maize and wheat in the corn field sample plot in the PCK Oasis. The measuring instruments were SUNSCAN canopy analyzer and digital camera. Measurements were made in three sections, upper and lower, and both incident and reflected PAR were measured. fPAR = (Arrival at Canopy PAR - Surface Transmitted PAR - Canopy Reflected PAR + Surface Reflected PAR)/Arrival at Canopy PAR. apar = fPAR × Arrival at Canopy PAR. This data is saved as a table in Word format.

  (10) Radiant temperature data measured by a handheld infrared thermometer. Measurements were taken in the PCK Oasis corn field, PCK wheat field, Huazhazi desert corn field, and Huazhazi desert sample plot 2. Among them, the PCK Oasis corn field, PCK wheat field, and Huazhazi desert corn field were row crops, and sampling was done by measuring the vertical ridges and the smooth ridges in strips; and the Huazhazi desert sample plot 2 was measured along the diagonal strips. The data consist of raw data and processed data, and the processed data are temperatures after blackbody calibration. The raw data are in Word doc format. The processed data are saved in Excel format.