Recently, the China Natural Cold Energy Resources Comprehensive Evaluation Data Set (ICQBI)(1973-2024) developed by the team of Professor Zhang Ze of Northeast Forestry University was released and provided for open access at the National Glacier, Permafrost and Desert Scientific Data Center. This dataset is based on long-term daily average temperature data from 771 effective meteorological stations across the country. It comprehensively considers the duration of the cold season, the annual heat and heat balance and the effective freezing quality under a unified framework, and realizes the spatio-temporal pattern and resource level of my country's natural cold energy resources. The comprehensive evaluation can provide important data support for research on natural cold energy resource zoning, seasonal cold storage, low-carbon refrigeration and cold region energy utilization. Related papers have been published in the international journal Renewable Energy. Scientific researchers are welcome to pay attention to and use this dataset. Cold climate is not only a natural environmental feature, but also contains low-carbon energy resources that can be used for seasonal cold storage, agricultural cold storage, cold chain logistics, data center free cooling and industrial pre-cooling. However, natural cold energy has significant seasonal and regional differences, and it is difficult to fully reflect its comprehensive utilization potential by relying solely on average winter temperatures or freezing days. Based on the daily average temperature data of meteorological stations in China from 1973 to 2024, this study screened the initial 798 meteorological stations for data integrity and long-term representativeness, and finally retained 771 effective stations; On this basis, basic indicators such as cold season duration (D0), freezing degree days (FDD), melting degree days (TDD) and effective freezing degree days (F−2) are calculated, and the cold season duration factor D is further constructed. The cool-heat balance ratio TEMP and the freezing quality factor F are established to establish the Integrated Cold Quality and Balance Index (ICQBI). The index adopts a multiplicative non-compensated structure to comprehensively characterize the time availability of natural cold energy, the year-round cold and heat balance characteristics and the effective freezing quality. The study uses the kriging method to carry out spatial analysis, and divides my country's natural cold energy resources into five levels: scarce area, marginal area, usable area, rich area and extremely rich area based on ICQBI thresholds of 0.01, 0.03, 0.10 and 0.20. The results show that my country's natural cold energy resources generally show a spatial pattern with higher levels in the northwest and north and lower levels in the southeast. The rich and extremely rich areas together account for about 50.29% of the national area. Finally, the China Comprehensive Evaluation Data Set (ICQBI)(1973-2024) was formed, which can provide data support for research on natural cold energy resource evaluation and zoning, seasonal cold storage, low-carbon refrigeration and cold region energy utilization. For detailed data production methods and analysis content, see the paper "National assessment of renewable cold energy resources in China using an Integrated Cold Quality and Balance Index". The research was funded by the Intergovernmental International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project (2025 YFE0112500) of the National Key R & D Program. ! Literature citation: 1. Meng Xiangxi, Zhang Ze, Li Yeping, Wang Enbao, Ju Mengyao, Yu Xinyu, Zhang Andrei, Yuan Mingyang. National assessment of renewable cold energy resources in China using an Integrated Cold Quality and Balance Index[J/OL]. Renewable Energy, 2026, 275: 126273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2026.126273 Data quote: 1. Zhang Ze, Meng Xiangxi, Li Yeping, Wang Enbao, Ju Mengyao, Andrei Zhang, Yuan Xinyu, Yuan Mingyang. China's Comprehensive Evaluation Data Set of Natural Cold Energy Resources (ICQBI)(1973-2024). National Glacier, Frozen Soil and Desert Scientific Data Center, 2026. https://doi.org/10.12072/ncdc.energy.db7741.2026 2. Zhang Ze, Meng Xiangxi, Li Yeping, Wang Enbao, Ju Mengyao, Andrei Zhang, Yuan Xinyu, Yuan Mingyang. China's Comprehensive Evaluation Data Set of Natural Cold Energy Resources (ICQBI)(1973-2024). National Glacier, Frozen Soil and Desert Scientific Data Center, 2026. https://cstr.cn/CSTR:11738.11.ncdc.energy.db7741.2026