The data set contains the observation data of automatic weather station at point 20 in the flux observation matrix from June 2 to September 21, 2012. The station is huazhaizi station in Zhangye City, Gansu Province, with desert on the underlying surface. The longitude and latitude of the observation point are 100.31860e, 38.76519n and 1731.00m above sea level. Two infrared surface temperature sensors are installed at 2.65m, with the arm facing due south and the probe facing vertically downward; The soil temperature probe is buried at 0cm on the surface and 2cm and 4cm underground, and is 2m away from the south of the meteorological tower; The soil moisture sensor is buried 2cm and 4cm underground, and is 2 meters south of the meteorological tower; Soil heat flow plates (3 pieces) are successively buried 6 cm underground. The data sets of the station are stored in two tables. The time interval of the observation data sets of Beijing Normal University is 10 minutes on average, and the time interval of the observation data sets of the Institute of cold and drought of Chinese Academy of Sciences is 30 minutes on average. The specific observation elements are as follows:

 （ 1) Observation items: surface radiation temperature (IRT)_ 1、IRT_ 2) (unit: Celsius, percentage), soil heat flux (GS)_ 1、Gs_ 2、Gs_ 3) (unit: watt / m2), multi-layer soil moisture (MS)_ 2cm、Ms_ 4cm (in percentage) and multi-layer soil temperature (TS)_ 0cm、Ts_ 2cm 、Ts_ 4cm) (in degrees Celsius).

 （ 2) The observation items of cold and drought Institute of huazhaizi Chinese Academy of sciences include: wind speed (WS_ 0.48m、WS_ 0.98m、WS_ 1.99m、WS_ 2.99m (unit: M / s), wind direction (WD)_ 4m (in degrees), dust concentration (funjin)_ mgm3_ AVG), four components of radiation (DR, ur, DLR)_ Cor、ULR_ COR, RN (unit: w / m2), air temperature and humidity observation (TA)_ 1m 、Ta_ 1.99m、Ta_ 2.99m、RH_ 1m、RH_ 1.99m、RH_ 2.99m (unit: Celsius, percentage), pressure (press) (unit: HPA), multi-layer soil temperature (TS)_ 0cm、Ts_ 4cm、Ts_ 10cm、Ts_ 18cm Ts_ 26cm、Ts_ 34cm、Ts_ 42cm、Ts_ 50cm (in degrees Celsius), multi-layer soil moisture percentage (MS)_ 2cm Ms_ 2cm Ms_ 2cm Ms_ 10cm Ms_ 18cm Ms_ 26cm Ms_ 34cm Ms_ 42cm Ms_ 50cm Ms_ 58cm in percent and multilayer soil moisture volume (ADR_ 2cm、ADR_ 2cm、ADR_ 2cm、ADR_ 2cm、ADR_ 10cm、ADR_ 18cm、ADR_ 26cm、ADR_ 34cm、ADR_ 42cm、ADR_ 50cm (unit: m3 / m3), dust momentum (KE)_ Tot (unit: count) and sand particle quantity (PC)_ TOT) (unit: count).

 Processing and quality control of observation data: 1) ensure that (1) Beijing Normal University observes 1440 data every day (every 10min). If there is a lack of data, it will be marked by - 6999; Ensure that (2) there are 48 data (every 30min) in the cold and drought station of Chinese Academy of Sciences every day. If there is a lack of data, it will be marked by - 6999; 2) Eliminate the time with duplicate records; 3) Data that is obviously beyond the physical meaning or beyond the range of the instrument are deleted; 4) The record time of the observation project of cold and drought Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences in huazhaizi is world time. The format of date and time is unified, and the date and time are in the same column. For example, the time is: 10:30, June 10, 2012; 5) The naming rule is: AMS + site number.

 For multi-scale observation test or site information, please refer to Liu et al. (2016), and for observation data processing, please refer to Xu et al. (2013)