This dataset is based on an automatic meteorological station installed on the moraine dam of Lake Longbasaba to record air temperature data on the moraine dam for the period November 11, 2012 to March 6, 2021. Five ground temperature probes (Campbell 109-L, ±0.2°C) were installed on the dam near the outlet of Lake Longbasaba at depths of 10 cm, 30 cm, 60 cm, 100 cm, and 150 cm, and the sensors were all connected to a data acquisition instrument (Campbell CR3000-XT) that automatically recorded every 10 minutes. Daily mean air temperatures were collected from the Dingri meteorological station (28°38′N, 87°05′E, 4 300 m a.s.l.) from 1960 to 2021, and the soil temperature at 10 cm depth in the Longbasaba moraine dam was interpolated from 1959 to 2021 by a linear soil-air temperature relationship. In addition, the daily average near-surface air temperatures for three future scenarios, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5, were obtained from the official CMIP6 website (https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/cmip6) for the years 2015-2099, and eight climate models with soil-air temperature correlation coefficients R2 > 0.5 were selected and converted to soil temperature at 10 cm depth of the dam.Using the soil temperature at 10 cm depth of the moraine dam as input data and based on the heat transfer module of COMSOL Multiphysics software, the freeze-thaw process and maximum thawing depth of the dam for the observed period 1959-2021 and the future scenarios SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 for 2015-2099 were simulated. The melting depth of buried ice inside the dam was also calculated for future scenarios SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5. The deformation data of the dam surface were acquired in combination with PS-InSAR technique. This temperature dataset of Longbasaba moraine dam provides the basic data for the study of freeze-thaw processes within the active layer of Longbazaba moraine dam.
1. Name of Data
Temperature data from Longbasaba automatic meteorological station_2012-2021.xlsx
Temperature data from Dingri meteorological station_1959-2021.xlsx
Temperature data from CMIP6_2015-2099.xlsx
Freeze-thaw process_1959-2021.xlsx
Freeze-thaw process of SSP1-2.6_2015-2099.xlsx
Freeze-thaw process of SSP2-4.5_2015-2099.xlsx
Freeze-thaw process of SSP5-8.5_2015-2099.xlsx
Active layer thickness_1959-2020.xlsx
Buried ice melting depth of SSP1-2.6_2015-2099
Buried ice melting depth of SSP2-4.5_2015-2099
Buried ice melting depth of SSP5-8.5_2015-2099
Dam_deformationm_deformation.tif
2. Data description of attribute items
Time_stamp: Timestamp of data
Ta_Longbasaba: Mean daily air temperature on the dam of Longbasaba moraine dam (℃)
Ts_10 cm, Ts_30 cm, Ts_60 cm, Ts_100 cm, Ts_150 cm: Mean daily soil temperature at 10 cm, 30 cm, 60 cm, 100 cm, 150 cm depth of Longbasaba
Ta_Dingri :Mean daily air temperature at the Dingri meteorological station (℃)
Ta_Longbasba_r: Reconstructed Mean daily air temperature of the Longbasba moraine dam (°C)
Ts_10 cm_r: Reconstructed Mean daily soil temperature at 10 cm depth of the Longbasba moraine dam (°C)
Simulated Ts of different depths: Simulated values of soil temperature at different depths (°C) YMTD: Annual maximum melt depth (m)
YMTD: yeayly maximum melt depth (m)
BIMD: Buried Ice melting depth (m)
1. Temperature data of Longbasaba moraine dam
Acquired from the automatic meteorological station records installed on the Longbasaba moraine dam.
2. Temperature data of Dingri meteorological station
Acquired from the China Meteorological Information Center and downloaded from http://data.cma.cn/.
3.Temperature data of CMIP6 future scenario
Near-surface air temperature with spatial resolution of 100-250 km , download at: https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/chttps://esgf-node.llnl.gov/searcSpatial resolution of 100-250 km near-surface air temperature nc data, download at: https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/chttps://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/cmip6/.
4.Dam freeze-thaw process and buried ice ablation data
Generated based on the COMSOL Multiphysics heat transfer module.
5. Dam surface deformation data
Acquired by PS-InSAR monitoring technique.
1. Processing of automatic meteorological station data of Longbasaba moraine dam .
Export the raw data from Longbasaba automatic weather station in ".data" format and organize it into table data in ".xlsx" format by excel.
2. Calibration of meteorological data in Dingri meteorological station:.
The temperature data of Dingri meteorological station (station ID: 55664) from 1959-2021 were obtained from the China Meteorological Information Center, and converted into soil temperature at 10cm depth of Longbasaba moraine dam by the linear relationship between soil temperature and air temperature in the observed period 2012-2021.
3. Future scenario data extraction
The data of SPP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 were downloaded from the CMIP6 website, and the air temperature data of the grid including the study area were extracted by python, from which eight climate models with high correlation between soil temperature and air temperature (R2>0.5) were selected and converted into soil temperature at 10 cm depth of Longbasaba moraine dam in the future scenario.
4. Freeze-thaw process simulation of the dam
Based on the heat transfer module of COMSOL Multiphysics, a one-dimensional heat transfer model of the dam was established. The soil temperature at depth of 10 cm of the dam was input as the upper boundary boundary condition, the lower boundary condition was set to zero-flux, the temporal step is day, and the spatial step is 1 cm, and the output is a two-dimensional temperature matrices of time and depth .
5. Calculation of Yearly maximum thawing depth and buried ice melting depth
A program is written in python language to extract the 0°C isotherm. The maximum depth of 0℃ isotherm in summer is the annual maximum melt depth (YMTD) of the dam, and the Buried ice thaw depth (BIMD) increases with YMTD. During the years in which YMTD decreases, BIMD remains at the same value as that of the previous year.
6. Dam surface deformation data
44 images of Sentinel-1A ascending orbit from 2017 to 2020 were used, obtained by GAMMA software processing.
Accuracy of Data：
(1) Temperature data accuracy of ±0.2 °C recorded by automatic meteorological stations on the Longbasaba moraine dam;
(2) Accuracy of ±0.1 °C for temperature data from DIngri meteorological stations;
(3) The maximum spatial resolution of future scenario data is 100km;
(4)The processed temperature data is retained as 2 valid digits.
(5) Only data for 10 cm steps above 25 m depth are retained for the freeze-thaw process of the dam.
(6) The accuracy of the dam surface deformation data is ±0.001 mm.
| # | number | name | type |
| 1 | 42171137 | Simulation of glacial lake formation and development under future warming scenarios and its disaster effects | National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| 2 | 42171134 | Simulation of dynamic changes of surface moraine thickness in glacial areas and its impact study | National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| 3 | 41771075 | Study on the retention and disaster effects of glacial lakes on glacial meltwater | National Natural Science Foundation of China |
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CSTR:11738.11.ncdc.nieer.db2688.2023
10.12072/ncdc.nieer.db2688.2023