This dataset contains meteorological element gradient observation system data from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016 at the Aluo Super Station on the Heihe Hydrological and Meteorological Observation Network. The station is located in Caodaban Village, Aruo Township, Qilian County, Qinghai Province, with a high-altitude grassland as the underlying surface. The latitude and longitude of the observation point are 100.4643E, 38.0473N, with an altitude of 3033m. Air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed sensors are installed at 1m, 2m, 5m, 10m, 15m, and 25m, with a total of 6 floors facing due north; The wind direction sensor is installed at a distance of 10m, facing due north; The barometer is installed at a distance of 2 meters; The tipping bucket rain gauge is installed on the 40m observation tower of Aruo Super Station; The four component radiometer is installed at a distance of 5 meters, facing due south; Two infrared thermometers are installed at a distance of 5m, facing due south, with the probes facing vertically downwards; The photosynthetically active radiometer is installed at a distance of 5 meters, facing due south, with the probe facing vertically upwards; The soil sensors are buried 2 meters south of the tower, with three soil heat flow plates (self calibrating) buried 6 cm underground; The average soil temperature sensor TCAV is buried 2cm and 4cm underground; The soil temperature probe is buried at 0cm on the surface and 2 cm underground cm、4cm、6cm、10cm、15cm、20cm、30cm、40cm、60cm、80cm、120cm、160cm、200cm、240cm、280cm、320cm There are three repetitions in the 4cm and 10cm layers; Soil moisture sensors are buried underground in two locations cm、4cm、6cm、10cm、15cm、20cm、30cm、40cm、60cm、80cm、120cm、160cm、200cm、240cm、280cm、320cm There are three repetitions in the 4cm and 10cm layers.