This dataset contains the meteorological element gradient observation system data of the Daman Super Station in the middle reaches of the Heihe Hydrological and Meteorological Observation Network from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014. The site is located in the farmland of Daman Irrigation District in Zhangye City, Gansu Province, with corn fields as the underlying surface. The latitude and longitude of the observation point are 100.3722E, 38.8555N, with an altitude of 1556m. Wind speed/direction, air temperature, and relative humidity sensors are installed at 3m, 5m, 10m, 15m, 20m, 30m, and 40m, with a total of 7 floors facing due north; The barometer is installed at a distance of 2 meters; The tipping bucket rain gauge is installed about 8 meters west of the tower, with a height of 2.5 meters; the four component radiometer is installed 12 meters away, facing due south; Two infrared thermometers are installed at a distance of 12m, facing due south, with the probes facing vertically downwards; Soil heat flow plates (self calibrated) (3 pieces) are buried in sequence 6cm underground, facing south and 2m away from the tower body. Two pieces (Gs2, Gs3) are buried between plants, and one piece (Gs1) is buried under the plant; The average soil temperature sensor TCAV is buried 2cm and 4cm underground, facing due south and 2m away from the tower body; The soil temperature probe is buried at a depth of 0cm on the surface and 2cm, 4cm, 10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 80cm, 120cm, and 160cm underground, directly south of the meteorological tower at a distance of 2m; The soil moisture sensors are buried 2cm, 4cm, 10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 80cm, 120cm, and 160cm underground, directly south of the meteorological tower at a distance of 2m; The photosynthetically active radiometer is installed at a distance of 12m, with the probe facing vertically upwards; There are also four photosynthetically active radiometers installed above and inside the canopy, with one probe installed at a height of 12m (vertically upward and downward) above the canopy and one probe installed at a height of 0.3m (vertically upward and downward) inside the canopy, facing due south.