This dataset contains meteorological element gradient observation system data from the downstream Sidaoqiao super station of the Heihe Hydrological and Meteorological Observation Network from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014. The station is located in Sidaoqiao, Dalaihubu Town, Ejina Banner, Inner Mongolia, with a base of tamarisk trees. The latitude and longitude of the observation point are 101.1374E, 42.0012N, with an altitude of 873m. Air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed sensors are installed at 5m, 7m, 10m, 15m, 20m, and 28m, with a total of 6 floors facing due north; The wind direction sensor is installed at a distance of 15m, facing due north; The barometer is installed inside a waterproof box; The tipping bucket rain gauge is installed at a distance of 28m; The four component radiometer is installed at a distance of 10m, facing due south; Two infrared thermometers are installed at a distance of 10m, facing due south, with the probes facing vertically downwards; Two photosynthetically active radiometers are installed at a distance of 10 meters, facing due south, with one probe vertically upward and one probe vertically downward; The soil sensor is installed 2m south of the tower, with three soil heat flow plates (self calibrating) buried 6cm underground in sequence; The average soil temperature sensor TCAV is buried 2cm and 4cm underground; The soil temperature probe is buried at 0cm on the surface and 2cm, 4cm, 10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 80cm, 120cm, and 160cm underground; Soil moisture sensors are buried 2cm, 4cm, 10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 80cm, 120cm, and 160cm underground.