This data is provided by the Key Laboratory of Geographic Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Services in Cold Regions of Heilongjiang Province. The ground penetrating radar instrument (PulseEKKO) was used to detect the permafrost activity layer in the Kamaran River Basin on the east slope of the Greater Khingan Range. The data collection covers latitude and longitude, different altitudes, and surface types, providing detailed field data for understanding the thickness of active layers in the region and providing a validation dataset for permafrost research.

    The ground penetrating radar using a 100MHz low-frequency unshielded antenna mainly consists of a control module, battery, cable, transmitting antenna, and receiving antenna. The ground penetrating radar transmitting antenna emits electromagnetic waves outward, and the propagation path of electromagnetic waves in a single-layer soil with uniform dielectric properties. Part of the electromagnetic waves propagate directly from the transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna through the air, and these electromagnetic waves are called air waves. Surface waves propagate along the soil surface to the receiving antenna, and their distance can be approximated as the distance between two antennas. Reflected or refracted waves pass through the surface and reach underground media. When electromagnetic waves encounter interfaces with large electrical differences, target bodies, or materials with different dielectric constants (such as intrusive bodies in soil, soil pores, and different soil volume moisture contents in soil layers), the amplitude, frequency, and phase of ground penetrating radar electromagnetic waves will change, resulting in scattering and reflection, and returning to the receiving antenna from different interfaces. The receiving antenna receives various electromagnetic waves and transmits them to the control module. The control module is mainly used to process the radar wave signals obtained by the receiving antenna and convert them into parameters such as time delay, horizontal movement distance, and depth. The transmitting and receiving antennas of a ground penetrating radar using a 250MHz low-frequency unshielded antenna are different from those of a 100MHz antenna, but their detection principles are the same. Subsequently, the dedicated software EKKO was used to perform image processing on the 100MHz and 250MHz survey lines, mainly to eliminate the influence of air direct waves and ground direct waves on the survey lines. By clicking on "process" and selecting a series of operations such as "Highpass" and "DC Removal", the survey line effect was made more obvious, and effective reflection layers of the profile were obtained.

    Measure with antennas at 100MHz and 250MHz using a ground penetrating radar instrument (PulseEKKO). Firstly, set the instrument parameters: frequency, time window, step size, sampling interval, etc. Secondly, run the system: scope detection, scanning, and start measurement, observing a total of 63 100MHz measurement lines and 19 250MHz measurement lines. The data quality is good, but there are some survey lines that cannot accurately obtain effective reflection layer information.