By collecting data on ice and snow avalanches in the China Pakistan Economic Corridor region through a literature review system and combining it with the latest high-resolution remote sensing images from Google Earth, typical surface signs after the occurrence of ice and snow avalanches were identified, such as scattered areas formed by the accumulation of ice and snow avalanches, sudden changes in terrain caused by ice and snow avalanches, clear contours of ice and snow avalanche paths and accumulations, shallow color tones in the accumulation area, irregular strip like or fan-shaped development along the valley, and common mottled textures on the surface, in order to verify the spatial authenticity and accuracy of ice and snow avalanches in the literature. The final preparation of a historical ice and snow avalanche event dataset covering the China Pakistan Economic Corridor provides support for regional ice and snow avalanche disaster research and risk assessment.
1. Dataset Naming
Ice_avalancheCPEC.Shp
2. Main attribute information
ID: Ice and Snow Crash Number
Location: The location of the ice and snow avalanche
Year: Year
Month: Month
Day: Day
Type: Types of ice and snow avalanches
Latitude: The latitude at which ice and snow collapse
Longitude: The longitude at which ice and snow collapse
Cascadeha: Secondary disasters caused by ice and snow avalanches
Triggers: triggers for ice and snow avalanches
When attribute information is missing, it is uniformly represented as "0" or null value to indicate that the data in that field is unavailable.
1. Google Earth imagery: accessed through Google Earth software
2. References
Zhang, T., Wang, W., Shen, Z. and An, B., 2024. Increasing frequency and destructiveness of glacier-related slope failures under global warming. Science Bulletin, 69(1): 30-33.
Zhong, Y., Allen, S.K., Zheng, G., Liu, Q. and Stoffel, M., 2024. Large rock and ice avalanches frequently produce cascading processes in High Mountain Asia. Geomorphology, 449: 109048.
Coe, J. A., 2020. Bellwether sites for evaluating changes in landslide frequency and magnitude in cryospheric mountainous terrain: a call for systematic, long-term observations to decipher the impact of climate change. Landslides. 17, 11, 2483-2501.
1. Collection of historical data on ice and snow avalanches
By comprehensively utilizing multiple sources such as literature, government reports, news reports, and scientific research achievements, a systematic collection of historical information on ice and snow avalanches in the China Pakistan Economic Corridor region since 1980 has been established, and a preliminary list of events has been established.
2. Remote sensing verification of ice and snow avalanche events
Based on high-resolution remote sensing images such as Google Earth, interpret and verify suspected areas of ice and snow avalanches. Based on the typical surface characteristics of ice and snow avalanches, such as obvious distribution of accumulated blocks, sudden terrain changes, clear contour of avalanches, shallow color tone of accumulation areas, irregular strip-shaped or fan-shaped expansion, etc., the authenticity and spatial accuracy of the event are judged, and effective events are screened and confirmed to construct a historical ice and snow avalanche event dataset for the China Pakistan Economic Corridor.
3. Extraction and supplementation of attribute information
By utilizing remote sensing and GIS technology to extract spatial attributes of ice and snow avalanches, including basic information such as location, longitude, and latitude, the database structure is further improved to achieve standardized storage and management of ice and snow avalanches.
4. Interaction inspection and quality control
Conduct manual automatic interactive verification on identified and extracted ice and snow avalanche events, improve the accuracy and reliability of the dataset through multiple rounds of cross checking and spatiotemporal consistency analysis, and ensure the scientific and usability of historical event records.
The data of the ice and snow avalanche event has undergone strict quality control, and all records have been cross validated through multiple sources of literature. Priority is given to information supported by on-site photos or remote sensing images to ensure the authenticity and spatial accuracy of the event.
| # | number | name | type |
| 1 | 2022YFF0711704-05 | National key R & D plan | |
| 2 | 2022YFF0711704-04 | National key R & D plan | |
| 3 | 2022YFF0711703 | Permafrost Variable Rapid Change Intelligent Discovery and Evolution Perception Data Engineering | National key R & D plan |
This work is licensed under
CC BY 4.0 (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License).
CSTR:11738.11.NCDC.NIEER.DB6501.2024
10.12072/ncdc.nieer.db6501.2024
