Ramms:: avalanche model is used to simulate avalanche in complex terrain. The model has been widely used in avalanche hazard studies in Switzerland. The ramms:: avalanche model combines state-of-the-art digital solutions with helpful input features and friendly visualization tools. Many of the input and output features are optimized, enabling users to easily modify dangerous scenarios and control simulation results. The core of the program is an effective second-order numerical solution, that is, the depth averaged avalanche dynamic equation. In the 3D digital terrain model, the velocity and velocity of avalanche are calculated. Using the GIS type drawing feature, you can easily specify a single or multiple publishing areas. Users can get useful overview information about the simulation, including important information about the release area (average slope, total capacity), traffic behavior (maximum flow and height), and stop behavior (mass flow). Maps and remote sensing images can be superimposed on terrain models to help determine input conditions and calibrate models based on known events. The ramms:: avalanche model has been used in more than 70 places around the world, and the software has been successfully applied to high mountain areas such as the Alps, Himalayas, Andes, Rockies, tatare and other areas.

3D focal mechanisms is an observation tool for 3D focal mechanism symbols. The tool runs in ArcScene 9. X, a geographic information system software of ESRI. The program needs to input a GIS point data set of earthquake location, which contains the strike, tilt and tilt values of node plane of each earthquake. Other information, such as the depth and magnitude of the earthquake, may also be included in the dataset.

Parflow is an open source, object-oriented and parallel watershed scale model. It includes a fully integrated land flow with the ability to simulate complex topography, geology and heterogeneity, as well as land surface processes including land energy budget, biogeochemistry, and snow (through CLM). It can run on multiple platforms. Parflow is the result of a long, multi agency development history and is now a collaboration between CSM, LLNL, uni Bonn and UCB. Parflow is combined with mesoscale, weather code ARPS and NCAR code WRF.

Wasp is a water quality model system proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It can be used in different environmental pollution decision-making systems to analyze and predict various water quality conditions caused by natural and man-made pollution. It can simulate hydrodynamics, one-dimensional unsteady flow of rivers, three-dimensional unsteady flow of lakes and estuaries, conventional pollutants (including dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen consumption, nutrients and algae) The law of migration and transformation of pollutants (including organic chemicals, metals and sediments) in water is called universal water quality model.

MM5 model has the main functions of non static dynamic frame, multi-layer grid nesting, various physical process options, four-dimensional variation, and more extensive computer platform transplantation. The simulation area of MM5 adopts Lambert projection, and the two true latitudes are 25 degrees north latitude and 40 degrees north latitude respectively. In order to ensure the accuracy of boundary meteorological field, MM5 simulation area has three grids more than the horizontal boundaries of air quality simulation area; the top of the simulation layer is 100MB, which is vertically divided into the following 23 σ layers. The data of terrain and surface type are global data of USGS; the objective analysis is based on the ADP global surface and high-altitude observation data of NCEP to conduct grid four-dimensional data assimilation. The parameterization of physical processes in the simulation domain are as follows: Kain Fritsch's cumulus parameterization scheme; pleim Xu's boundary layer and land surface parameterization scheme; Reisner's multiphase explicit water vapor scheme; cloud radiation parameterization method; and multi-layer soil model.

Class model, as the "second generation" surface model that people need, was developed for Canadian GCM in the late 1980s. The model will fully deal with the effects of vegetation, snow cover and soil on the heat and temperature of the atmosphere. Various land surface parameterization schemes are compared in international projects. The class model is tested in the coupling model with GCM and various experiments with pilps. In such an operating environment, class is proved to perform quite well.