Hydrological and geomorphological processes are intricately linked in the Earth system, collectively describing land hydrological behavior and biogeochemical cycles at different temporal and spatial scales. The Qinghai Tibet Plateau provides an ideal environment for studying the interaction between hydrological and geomorphological processes in the basic primitive natural environment. However, due to challenging physical conditions and data limitations, these interactions are still largely unknown. This study presents for the first time a hydrological and geomorphological dataset covering 18440 watersheds in the region. The dataset includes 18 hydrogeological indicators, particularly the width function of each watershed and the instantaneous unit hydrological map (WFIUH) based on the width function. We found that the peak flow of WFIUH is positively correlated with slope and curvature, but negatively correlated with watershed area, perimeter, length, and roundness. The relationship between peak time and hydrogeological indicators is similar to peak flow, but in the opposite direction. The concentration time of water collection is positively correlated with the water collection area, but strongly negatively correlated with the water collection slope. The effectiveness of the obtained WFIUH has been confirmed by successfully integrating it into hourly hydrological models simulating flash flood events. The uncertainty of WFIUH can be attributed to the resolution of DEM and the method of calculating flow velocity.
The developed hydrological morphology dataset covers 18440 watersheds in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The boundaries of the catchment area are determined based on the HydroBASINS dataset, which considers 12 levels of catchment areas. When deriving the watershed width function, HydroSHEDS' flow grid diagram was used This study also used the land cover data product FROM-GLC (Finer Resolution Observation and Monitoring Global Land Cover) published by Gong Peng et al. (2019) to estimate the Manning coefficient when calculating flow velocity. The spatial resolution of land cover data is 10 meters. In order to maintain consistency with the flow chart, the bilinear method was used for resampling. To ensure the effectiveness of the hydrological model, hourly rainfall and flow data from four hydrological stations were obtained from the China Hydrological Yearbook.
Based on the WFIUH extraction framework, a hydrological and geomorphological unit hydrological map dataset of 18440 watersheds was extracted from the HydroBASINS dataset of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, describing the rainfall and runoff response relationships of these watersheds. In addition, the dataset also includes 18 attributes related to the basic shape and geomorphic features of 18440 HydroBASINS catchment areas.
The data quality is good.
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CSTR:11738.11.NCDC.ZENODO.DB6455.2024
10.5281/zenodo.7965233