The data used for model operation in this dataset comes from multiple data platforms: 1. Meteorological data (including maximum wind speed, minimum wind speed, temperature and other elements), China Meteorological Science Data Sharing Service Network（ http://data.cma.cn ）； 2. ERA5 dataset (used to supplement missing meteorological data and obtain snow depth dataset), ERA5 data website（ https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu ）； 3. Soil data (used to correct soil particle size distribution), National Glacial Permafrost Desert Science Data Center（ http://www.ncdc.ac.cn ）； 4. Vegetation data (NDVI dataset from MODIS), NASA website（ https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov ）； 5. DEM data, geospatial data cloud（ http://www.gscloud.cn/search ）. In addition, the data related to actual measurement verification and calibration comes from field observations in northern China; The wind tunnel simulation experiment was conducted in the direct current blowing wind tunnel of the Key Laboratory of Desertification and Wind Sand Disaster Prevention and Control at Gansu Institute of Desertification Control in China.

    By observing typical surface locations in northern China, surface parameters, aerodynamic parameters, and measured soil wind erosion and dust release data of typical areas with different degrees of desertification were obtained; Collect undisturbed soil samples from typical areas of dust release, simulate the dust release process at different wind speeds using wind tunnel experiments, and extract quantitative relationships between various parameters and dust flux; Based on the existing soil erosion model and dust release parameterization scheme, the model parameters are optimized by combining field observations and wind tunnel experimental results; Construct a Soil Wind Erosion and Dust Release Model (WEDEM) 1.0 version suitable for northern China based on optimized parameterization scheme, and validate the model results using measured data; Using the validated Soil Wind Erosion and Dust Release Model (WEDEM) version 1.0, simulate the spatiotemporal changes in dust release in northern China from 1981 to 2024, and generate a long-term sequence dataset.

    Cross validation was conducted using measured data, and the results showed that the simulation of soil wind erosion had high accuracy. The correlation coefficient R ² between the measured horizontal jump flux and the simulated value was above 0.8, and the average absolute percentage was below 22%; Simulation results of dust release, overall accuracy: The correlation coefficient R ² between the measured PM10 vertical release rate and the simulated value is above 0.7, and the average absolute percentage is below 28%.